Transanal Endoscopic Repair of Rectal Anastomotic Defect

Endoscopic placement of self-expandable metallic stents for rectovaginal fistula after colorectal resection: a comparison with proximal diverting ileostomy alone

“…Patients with rectovaginal fistula do not represent a homogenous group, according to the etiologic and anatomic characteristics of the fistula [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

“…In higher fistulae, an abdominal approach is preferred. In recurrent rectovaginal fistulae, autologus tissue (gracilis muscle or a labium major) or biologically degradable materials are interposed between the vagina and the rectal wall [3][4][5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Treatment of rectovaginal fistula after colorectal resection with endoscopic stenting: long‐term results

“…For higher fistulae, an abdominal approach is often preferred. In cases with recurrence after an initial failed local attempt some form of flap procedure using the gracilis muscle or labium major or a biologically degradable material interposed between the vagina and the rectal wall is attempted . The results of such procedures are satisfactory in about 70% of patients with a fistula due to trauma such as may occur during delivery or anorectal surgery.…”

“…Various abdominal and anal surgical techniques have been proposed for the repair of rectovaginal fistula, each valid in a specific clinical context depending on the aetiology and anatomical characteristics of the fistula [3][4][5][6][7]11,12]. In our report we included only patients with rectovaginal fistula occurring after anterior resection for cancer.…”

“…For higher fistulae, an abdominal approach is often preferred. In cases with recurrence after an initial failed local attempt some form of flap procedure using the gracilis muscle or labium major or a biologically degradable material interposed between the vagina and the rectal wall is attempted [3][4][5][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”