Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) represents a group of heterogeneous and potentially disabling upper-extremity illness that is caused by extrinsic compression of neurovascular structures in the thoraco-cervico-axillary region. Thoracic outlet syndrome can be classified as vascular (arterial and venous) and neurogenic-type. The diagnosis and treatment of TOS remains a challenge for both clinicians and surgeons and when unrecognized or inadequately treated, they can cause chronic pain syndromes, long term restrictions in use of the upper extremities, and limb-threatening complications. The purpose of this study is to briefly review transaxillary approach in the surgery for TOS.