Transborder Movements of Borderland People in Indonesia – Papua New Guinea (Case Study: Iwur District, Pegunungan Bintang Regency)

Abstract

The border area between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) is mostly defined based on geographic coordinates without considering cultural boundaries, which has resulted in high intensity of interaction and trans-border movements in the area. Trans-border movements in the border area of Indonesia and PNG, specifically in Pegunungan Bintang Regency border area, are classified as illegal movements. This is due to lack of border area facilities to accommodate these movements. There are varieties of purposes of trans-border movements in this area, which are classified into 4 categories. They are economic purposes, cultural purposes, social purposes, and political purposes. Circular or temporary movement is a trans-border movement category based on the maximum of 6 months of stay in the destination country. There are three factors that influence the borderlanders on conducting trans-border movements, namely individual characteristics factors, social-economy factors, and cultural factors. The movements are mostly conducted for economic purposes in addition to the influence of individual characteristics factors.

Meta Synthesis of Community Participation Model on Trans-Papua Road Development

“…Thus, the exact definition of the term "ecology" is the scientific study of nature as a habitat for living beings. Ecology may be seen as our shared home, or it can be viewed as the reciprocal interaction or relationship between living organisms in an ecological system [15]. Zamin and the ecology of Papua are regarded as the world's remaining lungs due to their vast forests, high soil fertility, and beautiful and enchanting natural beauty, such as the natural beauty of Raja Ampat, Cartenz Peak, or icebergs, and Taman Cenderawasih Bay National Park, which is home to whale sharks, among many others.…”

“…The rich natural environment of Papua New Guinea is now being destroyed [15]. Companies involved in oil palm, gold, nickel, coal, wood, and oil mining are to blame for Papua's ecological devastation.…”