Transcapillary Pulmonary Exchange of Water in the Dog

Chinard, Francis P.; Enns, Theodore

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1954.178.2.197

Cited by 152 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…The best fit polynominal not through the origin provided the best fit but deviated in a direction opposite to that expected, above and below the range of the data from the conscious animals; and the best fit polynominal through the origin deviated similarly above the range of the data. The two fitted expressions that seemed most consistent with the expectations outlined above were: (a) The rising exponential P = 0.625 (1 -exp4 5Q) (2) where the first numerical parameter is an asymptotic Pmax, and the second, a constant with dimensions reciprocal to those of Q; and (b) The rectangular hyperbola…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

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Indicator dilution measurements of extravascular water in the lungs

Goresky¹,

Cronin²,

wangel³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Multiple indicator dilution studies of the pulmonary circulation were carried out in conscious, resting and exercising, and anesthetized dogs under conditions where there was no pulmonary edema. Labeled red cells, water, and albumin were injected together into the pulmonary artery, and effluent dilution patterns were obtained from the descending thoracic aorta. The product of the mean transit time differences between labeled water and red cells, and the pulmonary water flow was used to estimate extravascular parenchymatous water; and this was expressed as a proportion of the water content of the blood-drained lung at postmortem examination. These estimates of the proportional water content were found to increase with flow, and to approach an asymptotic value. Reconsideration of the flow patterns in capillaries, however, led to the postulate that extravascular water should be calculated, utilizing as the appropriate vascular reference a substance that uniformly labels the water in red cells and plasma, and which is confined to the circulation, rather than a tracer that only labels red cells. The mean transit time of this substance is approximated by the sum of the mean transit times of labeled red cells and albumin, each weighted according to the proportion of the water content of blood present in that phase. The values for lung water content so computed also increased with flow, and appeared to approach an asymptote that corresponded to approximately two-thirds of the wet lung weight. The estimated values for the water space after pentobarbital anesthesia corresponded to the lower values obtained in the resting conscious animals. When the anesthetized animals were also bled, the estimated water space was disproportionately large, in relation to the previous values. These experimental results support the hypothesis that dilutional This work was presented in part at the 51st Annual

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

“…This phenomenon was first demonstrated by Chinard and Enns (2), and later confirmed by Lillien-field, Freis, Partenope, and Morowitz (3). The latter used a lumped model analysis of the transit patterns of labeled water and albumin to estimate pulmonary extravascular water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Indicator dilution measurements of extravascular water in the lungs

Goresky¹,

Cronin²,

wangel³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…It is further assumed that these solute molecules are carried into the interstitium by water flowing through the interendothelial junctions. Although earlier reports suggested that pulmonary capillaries are relatively impermeable to small lipophobic solutes (22), more recent evidence suggests that these substances readily enter the pulmonary parenchyma, presumably by way of the intercellular junctions (23,24). This hypothesis is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmotic Extraction of Hypotonic Fluid from the Lungs

Effros¹

1974

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Assumptions and errors Many investigators have presented mathematical treatments of the indicator-dilution technique (Chinard & Enns, 1954;Lilienfield, Freis, Partenope & Morowitz, 1955;Goresky, 1963;Crone, 1963; Martin de Julian & Yudilevich, 1964;Yudilevich & Alvarez, 1967). The theory for intravascular tracers developed by Meier & Zierler (1954) has been extended by 387 Martin de Juliatn & Yudilevich (1964) on the basis of a small number of reasonable assumptions, some of which have special relevance to our work:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusional resistance of the innermost layer of the placental barrier of the rabbit

Faber¹,

Hart²,

Poutala³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The permeability of the endothelial cell layer of the foetal capillaries of the rabbit placenta was measured by the tracer-dilution method. Isotopically labelled water, urea, chloride and sodium ions, and inulin were used. Radio-iodinated human serum albumin served as reference tracer. The measurements were made in in situ placentas of 27-29 days gestation of which the foetal circulation was perfused with homologous blood.2. The permeability of water was found to be 1-7 ml. min-. g-l, the permeabilities of urea, chloride ions and sodium ions were in the range of 0-28-0-42 ml. min-'. g-and the permeability of inulin was 0-053 ml. min-' . g-. These values may be underestimates, particularly the value of water.3. The approximate maternal blood space, foetal blood space, and extravascular sodium space were determined in rabbit placentas of 27-29 days gestation and found to be 0-16, 0 07, and 0-48 ml./g respectively.4. The permeabilities of the endothelial layer were compared to those published for the entire placenta and found to be far greater. The resistance to diffusion of the endothelial layer is only a small part of the total resistance to diffusion. Most of the resistance is localized in the syncytioand/or cellular trophoblasts.5. It was concluded that lipid insoluble molecules diffuse through the interstitial water spaces of the trophoblast in few, relatively wide channels but that diffusing water can make use of intracellular as well as extracellular paths.

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Transcapillary Pulmonary Exchange of Water in the Dog

Cited by 152 publications

References 0 publications

Indicator dilution measurements of extravascular water in the lungs

Indicator dilution measurements of extravascular water in the lungs

Osmotic Extraction of Hypotonic Fluid from the Lungs

Diffusional resistance of the innermost layer of the placental barrier of the rabbit

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