Transcatheter Amplatzer vascular plug-embolization of a giant postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula combined with an aneurysm of the renal pedicle by through-and-through, arteriovenous access

Amplatzer Vascular Plug in Renal Artery Embolization: Case Serial and Review of the Literature

“…It is a valid support in the treatment of tumor renal mass and in the therapeutic management of hypervascularized renal tumor, but is also strongly recommended in the case of vascular malformations. 4 Indications for embolization in the therapeutic management of neoplastic renal masses include palliative care for mass loss and bleeding risk in candidates for total or partial nephrectomy or radioablation treatment, as well as control of hematuria and/or bleeding within and before and after active injury. Non-traumatic renal bleeding is a rare event, but it can be very life-threatening.…”

“…In Perkov case, the occluded artery fed only the AVF without parenchymal contributions, meanwhile in Kayser case, they performed a sort of endovascular nephrectomy. 4,12 The use of AVP for renal artery embolization for the treatment of neoplastic mass has shown an excellent result without finding any complications during and after the interventional procedure. 1,13 Renal artery embolization performed with AVP is used as a surgical adjunct to facilitate radical nephrectomy by decreasing intra-operative blood loss.…”

“…3 Albeit, endovascular treatment can now be considered as an alternative. 4 Nevertheless, in huge and complex renal masses, which are often characterized by a high and anarchic blood supply and rapid local invasion, radical nephrectomy can be challenging even for skilled surgeons. Benefits of renal artery embolization (RAE) in the preoperative setting are decrease in perioperative blood loss, creation of a tissue plane of edema facilitating dissection, and reduction in tumor bulk including extent of vascular thrombus, when present.…”