Transcatheter aortic valve-in-surgical aortic valve for a patient with repeated healed endocarditis: a case report

Abstract

Background Transcatheter valve replacement is contraindicated in patients with active infective endocarditis. However, few reports suggest that it could be beneficial for high-risk surgical patients with healed infective endocarditis. Here, we report a case of a surgical transcatheter aortic valve in a patient with healed repeated prosthetic valve endocarditis using a stentless valve. Case presentation A 79-year-old female who underwent the Bentall procedure using a stentless valve and coronary artery bypass grafting for annuloaortic ectasia 22 years ago was hospitalized for stage II bioprosthetic valve failure. The patient had a history of prosthetic valve endocarditis three times: the first and second prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred 15 years ago, and the third prosthetic valve endocarditis occurred 3 years ago. The causative organisms were Campylobacter fetus and Enterococcus faecalis. With appropriate antibiotic therapy, the lesion was localized and healed completely without valve destruction; however, the patient developed rapid aortic regurgitation. Based on a review of the patient’s history of prosthetic valve endocarditis, the absence of signs of infection, and clinical findings of transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography, a diagnosis of structural valve deterioration with healed infective endocarditis was made. Subsequently, a transcatheter aortic valve in a surgical aortic valve using a balloon-expandable type was performed, because the patient had a high surgical risk of 12.7%. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. At the 1-year follow-up, there were no signs of infection or valve abnormalities. Conclusions Transcatheter valve replacement can be a treatment option for high-risk surgical patients with healed limited lesions in infective endocarditis.

Transcatheter valve‐in‐valve interventions after aortic root replacement: A systematic review

“…After removing duplicates, 639 studies were screened, and 32 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 31 articles 12,17–46 including a total of 86 patients met the inclusion criteria. These studies were published between 2009 and 2023, with sample sizes ranging from 1 to 27 patients, Table 1.…”