Transcatheter atrial septal defect closure guided by colour flow Doppler

Blood Flow Imaging in Transesophageal Echocardiography during Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Comparison with the Current References

“…The paired CDI measurement was 0.3 mm less than the BFI measurement. Tzifa et al . demonstrated similar results; they found that the mean maximal diameter measured with CDI was 4.6 mm and 3.3 mm less than the BSD measurements in the prospective and retrospective groups, respectively.…”

“…The repeatability of the BFI measurements in this study was consistent both between the observers and within each observer. Other studies measuring ASD diameter with color flow diameter did not investigate the repeatability of the CDI measurements . It is important to be aware that some of the variability between measurements in different studies using 2D imaging may be due to differences attained by different observers …”

“…Furthermore, contrast agents may have side effects, and should be restricted whenever possible. The balloon sizing procedure has potential risks, and transcatheter closure of ASDs following less invasive sizing techniques has been advocated …”

Atrial Septal Defect Device Closure in the Pediatric Population: A Current Review

“…The newest reported strategy involves ASD sizing and device selection based on TEE or ICE imaging only without balloon sizing. Operators who utilize this technique measure the absolute defect size, assess the thickness of the tissue rims and, if felt to be substantial enough to be supportive of the device, a size that either measures from thick septal rim to thick septal rim, uses color flow diameter or a pre-determined size larger than the defect is selected [22,23]. The stop-flow technique and the above strategy of using echo imaging are the two only standard techniques of device sizing that are currently utilized for device closure.…”

Safety and Long‐Term Outcome of Modified Intracardiac Echocardiography‐Assisted “No‐Balloon” Sizing Technique for Transcatheter Closure of Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect

“…Balloon sizing technique, although quite simple to perform, has been proved to overestimate the defects and may carry some risks, such as iatrogenic enlargement of the ASD, thoracic pain, and rupture of interatrial septum 7,8 . Its necessity in the current practice is debated and some alternative techniques such as color diameter on TEE have been suggested 9,10 ; depending on the rims the device is chosen.…”