Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in therapeutic hypothermia for children after resuscitation

Application of 2‐ and 3‐Dimensional Sonography Using the Virtual Organ Computer‐Aided Analysis Technique to Measure the Hippocampal Formation and Its Correlation With Corrected Gestational Age in Neonates

“…During the period between birth and infantile fontanel closure, transcranial sonography can display intracranial internal structures, including the hippocampal formation, which is a unique advantage of sonography . As a convenient and minimally invasive technique, transcranial sonography has been widely applied to the diagnosis of neonatal ischemic and anoxic encephalopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, and intracranial structural abnormalities . Detection of the hippocampal formation by sonography could give an assessment of fetal hippocampal development in premature neonates; however, to our knowledge, no study about the hippocampal formation in fetuses and neonates was reported previously.…”

Early Clinical Predictors of Neurological Outcome in Children With Asphyxial Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia

“…The patients were recruited from two pediatric intensive care units (ICU) at Chang Gung Children's Hospital (Linkou and Kaohsiung branches), between January 1st 2010 and June 30th 2018 (Figure 1). OHCA was defined as patients who received chest compressions before arriving at the hospital (3,12,13). Asphyxial cardiac arrest was defined as resuscitation secondary to acute respiratory failure after the evaluation of all available data (3).…”

“…(2) duration of cardiac arrest at least 3 min and ROSC after resuscitation; (3) comatose status [Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ≤ 8] after ROSC; and (4) received therapeutic hypothermia or normothermia (3,12,13). Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: (1) age > 18 years; (2) not in a coma after resuscitation (GCS > 8); (3) known to have a preexisting degenerative neurological disease; (4) with a traumatic brain injury; (5) cardiogenic etiologies (ventricular fibrillation or a history of congenital heart disease); and (6) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.…”

“…The cooling methods and treatment protocol for therapeutic hypothermia in the present study have been published previously (3,12,13). In brief, therapeutic hypothermia to 33 • C was induced using thermal heat exchange cooling pads (Arctic Sun, Medivance Inc. Louisville, CO, USA) and maintained for 72 h. Patients were then slowly rewarmed by 1 • C per day until the patient reached 36 • C.…”

“…Initial blood samples were collected within 1 h of ROSC. The primary outcome was neurological outcome, which was assessed using Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scores in children who survived for 6 months after the events and in those who died during follow-up (3,12,13). PCPC scores measure the degree of cognitive function and are recorded as 1-6, where 1 is normal, 2 indicates mild disability, 3 indicates moderate disability, 4 indicates severe disability, 5 indicates coma or vegetative state, and 6 indicates brain death.…”