Transcranial electrical stimulation nomenclature

Bikson, Marom; Esmaeilpour, Zeinab; Adair, Devin; Kronberg, Greg; Tyler, William J.; Antal, Andrea; Datta, Abhishek; Sabel, Bernhard A.; Nitsche, Michael A.; Loo, Colleen; Edwards, Dylan; Ekhtiari, Hamed; Knotková, Helena; Woods, Adam J.; Hampstead, Benjamin M.; Badran, Bashar W.; Peterchev, Angel V.

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.07.010

Cited by 105 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 156 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These arrangements are also referred to as unilateral and bilateral montages in DLPFC stimulation [42,43] under the assumption the cathode is functionally inert for the asymmetric (unilateral) case.…”

Section: Creation Of Head Models and Tdcs Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, our tissue conductivities were completely static, and we did not consider the effects of applying current on tissue conductivities. As mentioned in [42], electrode, tissue, and their interfaces are not merely resistive and can be changed by the applied current intensity that may vary over time. However, these nonlinearity effects have not yet been considered in tDCS modeling studies so far.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Group and Individual Level Variations between Symmetric and Asymmetric DLPFC Montages for tDCS over Large Scale Brain Network Nodes

Soleimani¹,

Saviz²,

Bikson

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two challenges to optimizing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are selecting between, often similar, electrode montages and accounting for inter-individual differences in response. These two factors are related by how tDCS montage determines current flow through the brain considered across or within individuals. MRI-based computational head models (CHMs) predict how brain anatomy determine electric field (EF) patterns for a given tDCS montage. Because conventional tDCS produces diffuse brain current flow, stimulation outcomes may be understood as modulation of global networks. Therefore, we developed network-led, rather than region-led, approach. We specifically considered two common frontal tDCS montages that nominally target the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; asymmetric unilateral (anode/cathode: F4/Fp1) and symmetric bilateral (F4/F3) electrode montages. CHMs of 66 participants were constructed. We showed that cathode location significantly affects EFs in the limbic network. Furthermore, using a finer parcellation of large-scale networks, we found significant differences in some of main nodes within a network, even if there is no difference at the network level. This study generally demonstrates a methodology for considering the components of large-scale networks in CHMs instead of targeting a single region and specifically provides insight into how symmetric vs asymmetric frontal tDCS may differentially modulate networks across a population.

show abstract

Section: Creation Of Head Models and Tdcs Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Directionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group and Individual Level Variations between Symmetric and Asymmetric DLPFC Montages for tDCS over Large Scale Brain Network Nodes

Soleimani¹,

Saviz²,

Bikson

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to our results, optimal selection of tDCS parameters should be based on extensive knowledge of the brain mechanisms underlying the immediate and after effects of exogenous electric fields at single cell, synaptic, and network levels 21,72,73 . These different mechanisms could explain the heterogeneous effects of tDCS reported in human subjects that administered various protocol parameters implicating the position of stimulating electrodes over the scalp, the polarity, duration and density of the current 74 . Nevertheless, the complication of recording the actual electric field generated inside the human brain, together with the common use of indirect measurements of cortical excitability 7 , makes it difficult to examine tDCS-associated mechanisms in human studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex

Sánchez-León

Cordones

Ammann

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique consisting in the application of weak electric currents on the scalp. Although previous studies have demonstrated the clinical value of tDCS for modulating sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, there are still huge gaps in the knowledge of the underlying physiological mechanisms. To define the immediate impact as well as the after effects of tDCS on sensory processing, we first performed electrophysiological recordings in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of alert mice during and after administration of S1-tDCS, and followed up with immunohistochemical analysis of the stimulated brain regions. During the application of cathodal and anodal transcranial currents we observed polarity-specific bidirectional changes in the N1 component of the sensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and associated gamma oscillations. On the other hand, 20 min of cathodal stimulation produced significant after-effects including a decreased SEP amplitude for up to 30 min, a power reduction in the 20–80 Hz range and a decrease in gamma event related synchronization (ERS). In contrast, no significant changes in SEP amplitude or power analysis were observed after anodal stimulation except for a significant increase in gamma ERS after tDCS cessation. The polarity-specific differences of these after effects were corroborated by immunohistochemical analysis, which revealed an unbalance of GAD 65–67 immunoreactivity between the stimulated versus non-stimulated S1 region only after cathodal tDCS. These results highlight the differences between immediate and after effects of tDCS, as well as the asymmetric after effects induced by anodal and cathodal stimulation.

show abstract

“…For frequency, we found studies using AC frequencies reported as low as 0.5 Hz (Winick, 1999 ; Koleoso et al, 2013 ; Cho et al, 2016 ) and as high as 15,000 Hz (Southworth, 1999 ; McClure et al, 2015 ; Mischoulon et al, 2015 ). The shape of the waveforms also vary dramatically across studies and devices, including symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic waveforms, unmodified and modified square waveforms, and monophasic and biphasic waveforms (O'Connell et al, 2011 ; Bikson et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsological Limitations Of Ces Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Neuromodulation in Clinical and Non-clinical Samples

Brunyé

Patterson

Wooten

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a neuromodulation tool used for treating several clinical disorders, including insomnia, anxiety, and depression. More recently, a limited number of studies have examined CES for altering affect, physiology, and behavior in healthy, non-clinical samples. The physiological, neurochemical, and metabolic mechanisms underlying CES effects are currently unknown. Computational modeling suggests that electrical current administered with CES at the earlobes can reach cortical and subcortical regions at very low intensities associated with subthreshold neuromodulatory effects, and studies using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) show some effects on alpha band EEG activity, and modulation of the default mode network during CES administration. One theory suggests that CES modulates brain stem (e.g., medulla), limbic (e.g., thalamus, amygdala), and cortical (e.g., prefrontal cortex) regions and increases relative parasympathetic to sympathetic drive in the autonomic nervous system. There is no direct evidence supporting this theory, but one of its assumptions is that CES may induce its effects by stimulating afferent projections of the vagus nerve, which provides parasympathetic signals to the cardiorespiratory and digestive systems. In our critical review of studies using CES in clinical and non-clinical populations, we found severe methodological concerns, including potential conflicts of interest, risk of methodological and analytic biases, issues with sham credibility, lack of blinding, and a severe heterogeneity of CES parameters selected and employed across scientists, laboratories, institutions, and studies. These limitations make it difficult to derive consistent or compelling insights from the extant literature, tempering enthusiasm for CES and its potential to alter nervous system activity or behavior in meaningful or reliable ways. The lack of compelling evidence also motivates well-designed and relatively high-powered experiments to assess how CES might modulate the physiological, affective, and cognitive responses to stress. Establishing reliable empirical links between CES administration and human performance is critical for supporting its prospective use during occupational training, operations, or recovery, ensuring reliability and robustness of effects, characterizing if, when, and in whom such effects might arise, and ensuring that any benefits of CES outweigh the risks of adverse events.

show abstract

Transcranial electrical stimulation nomenclature

Cited by 105 publications

References 156 publications

Group and Individual Level Variations between Symmetric and Asymmetric DLPFC Montages for tDCS over Large Scale Brain Network Nodes

Group and Individual Level Variations between Symmetric and Asymmetric DLPFC Montages for tDCS over Large Scale Brain Network Nodes

Immediate and after effects of transcranial direct-current stimulation in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex

A Critical Review of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Neuromodulation in Clinical and Non-clinical Samples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About