Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies of the human mirror neuron system

Maeda, Fumiko; Mazziotta, John C.; Iacoboni, Marco

doi:10.1016/s0531-5131(01)00729-4

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A previous study suggested that measurements of corticospinal excitability by TMS during action observation may be an excellent paradigm for probing the AON (Maeda et al, 2002). However, the method used in that study could only probe the AON indirectly, and could not explore the functional roles of other cortical areas in which mirror neurons have been found, such as the PMv and IPL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in previous action observation studies has shown that the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) is enhanced in the area corresponding to the muscle involved in the movement (i.e., it is muscle-specific) during action observation compared to the baseline condition (Fadiga et al, 1995, 2005; Maeda et al, 2002). This is explained by the assumption that the PMv, an important node in the AON that has strong connections to M1, exerts an influence on M1 activity during action observation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Motor Cortex Activation during Action Observation of Tasks at Different Video Speeds Is Dependent on Movement Task and Muscle Properties

Moriuchi

Matsuda

Nakamura

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate how the video speed of observed action affects the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1), as assessed by the size of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Twelve healthy subjects observed a video clip of a person catching a ball (Experiment 1: rapid movement) and another 12 healthy subjects observed a video clip of a person reaching to lift a ball (Experiment 2: slow movement task). We played each video at three different speeds (slow, normal and fast). The stimulus was given at two points of timing in each experiment. These stimulus points were locked to specific frames of the video rather than occurring at specific absolute times, for ease of comparison across different speeds. We recorded MEPs from the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi muscle (ADM) of the right hand. MEPs were significantly different for different video speeds only in the rapid movement task. MEPs for the rapid movement task were higher when subjects observed an action played at slow speed than normal or fast speed condition. There was no significant change for the slow movement task. Video speed was effective only in the ADM. Moreover, MEPs in the ADM were significantly higher than in the FDI in a rapid movement task under the slow speed condition. Our findings suggest that the M1 becomes more excitable when subjects observe the video clip at the slow speed in a rapid movement, because they could recognize the elements of movement in others. Our results suggest the effects of manipulating the speed of the viewed task on the excitability of the M1 during passive observation differ depending on the type of movement task observed. It is likely that rehabilitation in the clinical setting will be more efficient if the video speed is changed to match the task’s characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Motor Cortex Activation during Action Observation of Tasks at Different Video Speeds Is Dependent on Movement Task and Muscle Properties

Moriuchi

Matsuda

Nakamura

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Mirror therapy activates mirror neurons of the brain 19) . Mirror neurons visually transform motions into images and conduct the process of exercise performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mirror Therapy on Subacute Stroke Patients’ Brain Waves and Upper Extremity Functions

Bae¹,

Jeong²,

Kim

2012

J Phys Ther Sci

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Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mirror therapy on subacute stroke patients' brain waves and upper extremity functions. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty patients who experienced the onset of stroke within six months prior to this study were randomly and equally assigned to a control group (n=10) and a mirror therapy group (n=10). In addition to the existing rehabilitation treatment, the control group received sham therapy and the mirror therapy group received mirror therapy for 30 minutes each time, five times per week, for four weeks. Prior to and after the intervention, the changes in the subjects were measured using electroencephalography (EEG) and a manual function test (MFT).[Results] Mu rhythm suppression at C3, Cz, and C4 was significant in both groups after the intervention, with a more effective result in the mirror therapy group. Mu rhythm suppression was compared between the two groups after the intervention: it significantly differed between them at C3, Cz, and C4. According to the MFT results, manual functions improved significantly in both groups, with a better enhancement in the mirror therapy group. Each group also saw significant changes in its MFT results after the intervention. [Conclusion] Mirror therapy had an effect on mu rhythm suppression, improving brain activities and positively influencing motor function recovery. It is simple to apply, and patients can perform it independently. It is also cost-effective. Therefore, it is considered to be useful as part of a rehabilitation program for subacute stroke patients.

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“…The discovery of a distinct subset of neurons in the macaque monkey brain that are active not only during the performance of goal‐oriented movements, but also during their observation18 propelled research on imitative mechanisms into novel directions. During the last decade, a plethora of behavioral, fMRI, and neurophysiologic (eg, transcranial magnetic stimulation [TMS] and magnetoencephalography) experiments has lead to the delineation of the basic characteristics of the human MNS, which has similar, but remarkably more complex, qualities than its classic, macaque equivalent (as previously reviewed6, 20, 52, 53), and seems to develop in infancy 54. Despite ongoing debate on the mechanisms of action of this fundamental neural system of imitation, it is reasonable to conclude that there is a core mirror neuron (MN) network that encodes basic imitative behaviors comprising the inferior frontal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, and the superior temporal sulcus 20.…”

Section: Gts and The Mnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: Relevance to Gilles De La Tourette syndrome

Ogrzal²,

et al. 2012

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Echopraxia and echolalia are subsets of imitative behavior. They are essential developmental elements in social learning. Their persistence or reemergence after a certain age, though, can be a sign of underlying brain dysfunction. Although echophenomena have been acknowledged as a typical sign in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) since its first description, their clinical significance and neural correlates are largely unknown. Here, we review the course of their scientific historical development and focus on their clinical phenomenology and differential diagnosis with a particular view to GTS. The neural basis of echophenomena will also be addressed. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies of the human mirror neuron system

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Primary Motor Cortex Activation during Action Observation of Tasks at Different Video Speeds Is Dependent on Movement Task and Muscle Properties

Primary Motor Cortex Activation during Action Observation of Tasks at Different Video Speeds Is Dependent on Movement Task and Muscle Properties

Effects of Mirror Therapy on Subacute Stroke Patients’ Brain Waves and Upper Extremity Functions

The pathophysiology of echopraxia/echolalia: Relevance to Gilles De La Tourette syndrome

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