Transcription factor ICBP90 regulates the MIF promoter and immune susceptibility locus

MIFallele-dependent regulation of the MIF coreceptor CD44 and role in rheumatoid arthritis

“…Cultured RA-FLSs express MIF mRNA and produce MIF protein in a MIF promoter CATT 5-8 length-dependent manner (35). We confirmed a MIF genotype-dependent increase in MIF production by a panel of early passage cultured RA-FLSs ( Fig.…”

“…Synovial fibroblasts express MIF mRNA and produce MIF protein in a MIF −794 CATT 5-8 length-dependent manner (35). An analysis of rheumatoid synovial fibroblast lines stratified by MIF genotype revealed higher CD44 cell surface expression in high-genotypic MIF-expressing cells (>5-CATT) compared with low-genotypic MIF-expressing cells (5-CATT).…”

“…MIF expression increases with CATT repeat number, so that individuals with the CATT 5 (5-CATT) allele are low MIF expressers, and those with 6-, 7-, and 8-CATT alleles are proportionally higher MIF expressers (29,34,35). High-expression MIF alleles (>5-CATT) confer an increased risk for rheumatoid or juvenile inflammatory arthritis, and in those individuals with established RA, the presence of a low expression (5-CATT) MIF genotype protects from the development of severe erosive disease with a reported odd ratio of 8.2 (8,9,36).…”

“…For PCR assay, the following specific primers were used: CD44: 5′-CAGACCTGCCCAATGCCTTT-GATGGACC-3′, CD44 sense; 5′-CAAAGCCAAGGCCAAGAGGGATGCC-3′, CD44 antisense. PCR amplification was conducted over 25 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 62°C for 60 s, and elongation at 72°C for 30 s. GAPDH or β-actin mRNA expression was used as an internal control with the following primers: 5′-AAAGGGCCCTGACAACTCTTT-3′, GAPDH sense, and 5′-GGTGGTCCAGGGGTCTTACT-3′, GAPDH antisense; and 5′-CCTGTACGC-CAACACAGTGC-3′, β-actin sense, and 5′-ATACTCCTGCTTGCTGATCC-3′, β-actin antisense (35).…”

MIF family cytokines in cardiovascular diseases and prospects for precision-based therapeutics

“…monocytes, T and B lymphocytes) and stromal cells (e.g. fibroblasts), and MIF expression is regulated in both an ICBP90- and –794 CATT 5–8 length-dependent manner [51]. MIF CATT repeat length has been associated with autoimmune diseases and with the inflammatory sequelae of different infections [35, 49, 50, 52].…”