Transcription of Clumping Factor A in Attached and Unattached Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro and during Device-Related Infection

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogens most frequently isolated in device-related infections. S. aureus is equipped with surface-associated proteins promoting specific binding to matrix molecules. Clumping factor A (ClfA, encoded by clfA) mediates adhesion to fibrinogen. Whereas the contribution of ClfA to pathogenicity is well documented, the influence of different growth and host parameters on gene activity is unclear. To elucidate this question, we investigated clfA transcript levels in an animal model of device-related infection and in planktonic and sessile bacteria grown in vitro. Specific mRNA from the S. aureus strains Newman, Reynolds, and RN6390 was quantified by LightCycler reverse transcription-PCR. In vitro, clfA transcript levels were low in the early logarithmic growth phase, but a clear increase was observed after the late logarithmic phase. Quantities of clfA transcripts were four to six times higher in the planktonic than in the sessile bacterial subpopulations grown to the stationary phase. During infection, in strains Newman and Reynolds levels of clfA transcripts in exudates accumulating in the infected devices were lower than those in the bacteria grown in vitro to stationary phase. clfA mRNA levels in the exudates increased during the initial phase of infection and remained constant after 96 h postinoculation. In contrast to the in vitro results, quantities of clfA transcripts in the unattached bacteria of the exudates never exceeded the level of clfA transcripts in the sessile bacteria attached to glass beads. However, a clear increase in clfA quantities in the sessile bacteria was observed late in infection after 144 h. In conclusion, maximal clfA transcript levels are reached late during growth in vitro and in vivo.

An introduction to staphylococcus aureus, and techniques for identifying and quantifying s. aureus adhesins in relation to adhesion to biomaterials: review

“…The lanes containing the agr mutant (Figure 5iiB) had more prominent bands than the other strains. Northern blots and expression studies have shown that clfA is transcribed throughout growth (Wolz et al, 1996;Hartford et al, 1997;Wolz et al, 2002). The Western blot in this study ( Figure 5ii) also showed the presence of ClfA protein throughout the growth cycle.…”

Salicylic acid attenuates virulence in endovascular infections by targeting global regulatory pathways in Staphylococcus aureus

“…However, the reduction in overall binding of S. aureus to fibrinogen likely relates to a multifactorial impact of salicylic acid. For example, the expression of ClfA (a principal fibrinogen adhesin) can be upregulated by sigB (36). Therefore, salicylic acid could potentially either reduce or increase ClfA expression, depending on the growth phase.…”

Salicylic acid: an old dog, new tricks, and staphylococcal disease

“…In fact, the above-mentioned "paradoxic" effect due to hyperexpression of α-hemolysin may be abrogated, resulting in diminished release of platelet microbicidal proteins. Secondly, how do the findings regarding agr suppression relate to the findings of others, that in a serum milieu (32) or in established infection (33), agr expression is already largely diminished, and other regulators such as sae may play a more prominent role in the in vivo infection? Lastly, what is the mechanism of the effect of SAL on S. aureus regulation?…”