Transcription of the gene for the merozoite surface antigen MSA2 of the human malaria parasite <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> during the asexual cycle

Barron, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80168-g

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This result is consistent with previous reports that MSP2 is not detectable in ring-stage parasites (47,74,75) and is not found in culture supernatant fractions (20,47). Importantly, both the 3D7 and FC27 allelic forms of MSP2 showed the same phenotype of being carried into RBCs followed by rapid degradation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sequential Processing of Merozoite Surface Proteins during and after Erythrocyte Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2014

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e Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria disease during the asexual blood stages of infection when merozoites invade erythrocytes and replicate. Merozoite surface proteins (MSPs) are proposed to play a role in the initial binding of merozoites to erythrocytes, but precise roles remain undefined. Based on electron microscopy studies of invading Plasmodium merozoites, it is proposed that the majority of MSPs are cleaved and shed from the surface during invasion, perhaps to release receptor-ligand interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that there is not universal cleavage of MSPs during invasion. Instead, there is sequential and coordinated cleavage and shedding of proteins, indicating a diversity of roles for surface proteins during and after invasion. While MSP1 and peripheral surface proteins such as MSP3, MSP7, serine repeat antigen 4 (SERA4), and SERA5 are cleaved and shed at the tight junction between the invading merozoite and erythrocyte, the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins MSP2 and MSP4 are carried into the erythrocyte without detectable processing. Following invasion, MSP2 rapidly degrades within 10 min, whereas MSP4 is maintained for hours. This suggests that while some proteins that are shed upon invasion may have roles in initial contact steps, others function during invasion and are then rapidly degraded, whereas others are internalized for roles during intraerythrocytic development. Interestingly, anti-MSP2 antibodies did not inhibit invasion and instead were carried into erythrocytes and maintained for approximately 20 h without inhibiting parasite development. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of invasion and knowledge to advance the development of new drugs and vaccines against malaria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sequential Processing of Merozoite Surface Proteins during and after Erythrocyte Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2014

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“…This result is consistent with previous reports that MSP2 protein is not detectable in ring-stage parasites nor invasion supernatants using a number of different experimental approaches (Ramasamy 1987 ; Clark et al. 1989 ; Barron 1992 ; Pearce et al. 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Merozoite surface proteins in red blood cell invasion, immunity and vaccines against malaria

Beeson¹,

Drew²,

Boyle³

et al. 2016

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

305

277

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Malaria accounts for an enormous burden of disease globally, with Plasmodium falciparum accounting for the majority of malaria, and P. vivax being a second important cause, especially in Asia, the Americas and the Pacific. During infection with Plasmodium spp., the merozoite form of the parasite invades red blood cells and replicates inside them. It is during the blood-stage of infection that malaria disease occurs and, therefore, understanding merozoite invasion, host immune responses to merozoite surface antigens, and targeting merozoite surface proteins and invasion ligands by novel vaccines and therapeutics have been important areas of research. Merozoite invasion involves multiple interactions and events, and substantial processing of merozoite surface proteins occurs before, during and after invasion. The merozoite surface is highly complex, presenting a multitude of antigens to the immune system. This complexity has proved challenging to our efforts to understand merozoite invasion and malaria immunity, and to developing merozoite antigens as malaria vaccines. In recent years, there has been major progress in this field, and several merozoite surface proteins show strong potential as malaria vaccines. Our current knowledge on this topic is reviewed, highlighting recent advances and research priorities.

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“…These included two kinases (PFB0665w, a serine threonine kinase and PFB0815w, a calciumdependant proteine kinase), which are thought to be involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and proteins recognized to play a key role during the infection, such as PFB0300c, the MSP2 antigen, and KAHRP. [12][13][14][15][16] We also observed that seven of the eight SERA antigens were upregulated between the ring stage and the schizont stage. These SERA antigens have been well characterized as putative vaccine candidates and are also thought to play a key role during the infection and are known to be differentially transcribed.…”

Section: Units)supporting

confidence: 55%

Monitoring the chromosome 2 intraerythrocytic transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum using oligonucleotide arrays.

Roch

Zhou²,

Batalov³

et al. 2002

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. To test the feasibility of using short oligonucleotide probes to monitor transcript levels in Plasmodium falciparum, a microarray was manufactured containing 4,167 (25 base single-stranded) probes derived from the predicted coding region of P. falciparum chromosome 2. RNA samples from three asexual stages (rings, trophozoites, and schizonts) were labeled and hybridized to the arrays. These results were reproducible, and transcripts were detected for 69% of the 210 genes on chromosome 2. In addition, of the 145 expressed genes, 1/3 appeared to be differentially transcribed during the asexual cycle. Some regions of the chromosome appeared to be transcriptionally silent. Results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis and by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. These data validate the use of relatively short 25-mers for monitoring the expression of a genome that is 82% AT rich.

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Transcription of the gene for the merozoite surface antigen MSA2 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum during the asexual cycle

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Sequential Processing of Merozoite Surface Proteins during and after Erythrocyte Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum

Sequential Processing of Merozoite Surface Proteins during and after Erythrocyte Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum

Merozoite surface proteins in red blood cell invasion, immunity and vaccines against malaria

Monitoring the chromosome 2 intraerythrocytic transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum using oligonucleotide arrays.

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