Transcriptional analysis of deoxynivalenol‐induced apoptosis of sow ovarian granulosa cell

Abstract

Litter size is one of the most important economic traits in pig production. Recent studies identified that deoxynivalenol (DON), a widespread toxin in fodder, was associated with animal prolificacy. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we used porcine ovary granulosa cells (pGCs) as a vector to establish DON concentration–time models and performed cell morphology and transcriptome analysis to identify and analyse the effects of DON on reproductive performance in swine. The results showed that DON can induce morphological changes and apoptosis of pGCs, while inhibiting cell proliferation. Moreover, these effects of DON on pGCs were dose‐dependent. After treatment of pGCs with different concentrations of DON, the percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M phase increased. RNA‐seq analyses revealed 5,937 differentially expressed genes, of which 1995 were down‐regulated and 3,942 were up‐regulated after DON treatment. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated important metabolic pathways such as IL‐17 signalling pathway, eukaryotic ribosome synthesis pathway, RNA transport pathway and RNA degradation. Based on our results, we speculate that the effects of DON are related to the DNA damage process. Our study provides novel insights and a foundation to further understand the effect of DON on swine prolificacy.

Maternal Exposure Results in Long-Term Deoxynivalenol Persistence in Piglets’ Plasma and Modulates the Immune System

“…Significant economic losses in pork production also result from the influence of DON on reproductive performance [ 19 , 20 , 21 ] when the developing fetus is exposed due to pregnant sows ingesting a toxin-contaminated diet [ 22 , 23 ]. However, a subsequent detailed study showed that no pathomorphologically or immunohistochemically detectable alterations occur in fetal organs after intrauterine transfer of DON [ 24 ].…”

Deoxynivalenol induces ovarian apoptosis in peripubertal rats

“…Additionally, in vitro studies on sow granulosa cells have shown that DON, at concentrations ranging from 500 to 2000 μg/L, induces a dose-dependent escalation in apoptotic rates compared to controls (M. Yang et al, 2020). Comparable findings were noted in another study where bovine granulosa cells exposed to DON at 100 ng/mL over a span of 4 days exhibited a 15% increase in apoptotic cells (Guerrero-Netro et al, 2015).…”

“…This toxin impairs porcine oocyte maturation by inducing nuclear anomalies, disturbing meiotic spindle structures, escalating oxidative stress, triggering autophagy, promoting apoptosis, and instigating epigenetic modifications (Alm et al, 2002;Han et al, 2016;Lan et al, 2018;Malekinejad et al, 2007;Schoevers et al, 2010). Moreover, DON exposure in porcine granulosa cells affects cell proliferation, steroidogenesis, apoptosis, and key metabolic pathways (Medvedova et al, 2011;Ranzenigo et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2020).…”

2,5-Hexanedione Affects Ovarian Granulosa Cells in Swine by Regulating the CDKN1A Gene: A Transcriptome Analysis

“…Then, the cells were treated with 2,5-HD (0 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L, 40 mmol/L, 60 mmol/L) at 37 °C for 24 h, and the same growth cell culture medium was used to treat the control group (three biological repeats in both the treatment and control groups). The dose and reagent treatment time used in this experiment were based on previous studies that revealed the toxic effects on rat and sows’ ovarian granulosa cells [ 20 , 21 ] in vitro using this concentration and time.…”