Transcriptional and genomic parallels between the monoxenous parasite<i>Herpetomonas muscarum</i>and<i>Leishmania</i>

Sloan, Megan A.; Brooks, Karen; Otto, Thomas D.; Sanders, Mandy; Cotton, James A.; Ligoxygakis, Petros

doi:10.1101/692178

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…We showed that parasite feeding resulted in differential transcription of the two NF-κB pathways Toll and Imd, the dual oxidase pathway and STAT-dependant epithelial stem cell proliferation. Additionally, we found 14 that the H. muscarum transcriptome during infection closely resembled that reported for L. major during Phlebotomus duboscqi infection 15 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Recently, we described both the host 13 and parasite 14 transcriptomes in another trypanosomatid-insect infection model namely, Drosophila melanogaster and its own natural trypanosomatid parasite Herpetomonas muscarum . We showed that parasite feeding resulted in differential transcription of the two NF-κB pathways Toll and Imd, the dual oxidase pathway and STAT-dependant epithelial stem cell proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Phlebotomus papatasi transcriptomic response to trypanosomatid-contaminated blood is robust but non-specific

Sloan

Sádlová

Leštinová

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The Phlebotomus papatasi transcriptomic response to trypanosomatid-contaminated 1 blood is robust but non-specific 2 3 4 5 6 Abstract 24 Leishmaniasis, caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, is a disease that effects up to 8 25 million people worldwide. Parasites are transmitted to human and animal hosts through the 26 bite of an infected sand fly. Novel strategies for disease control, require a better 27 understanding of the key step for transmission namely, the establishment of infection inside 28 the fly. In this work we wanted to identify fly transcriptomic signatures associated with 29 infection success or failure. We used next generation sequencing to describe the 30 transcriptome of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi when fed with blood alone or with blood 31 containing one of three trypanosomatids: Leishmania major, Leishmania donovani and 32Herpetomonas muscarum: a parasite not transmitted to humans. Of these, only L. major was 33 able to successfully establish an infection in P. papatasi. However, the transcriptional 34 signatures observed were not specific to success or failure of infection but a generalised 35 response to the blood meal. This implies that sand flies perceive Leishmania as just a feature 36 of their microbiome landscape and that any strategy to tackle transmission should focus on 37 the response towards the blood meal rather than parasite establishment. 38 39 40 3 Authors summary 41 Leishmania are parasites that cause leishmaniasis, a group of serious diseases that affect 42 millions of people, mainly across the subtropics and tropics. They are transmitted to humans 43 by phlebotomine sand flies. However, despite establishment in the insect's midgut being key 44 to transmission, early infection events inside the insect are still unclear. Here, we study the 45 gene expression response of the insect vector to a Leishmania parasite that is able to establish 46 infection (L. major) one that is unable to do so (L. donovani) as well as one that is not a natural 47 parasite of sand flies (Herpetomonas muscarum). We found that responses following any of 48 the infected blood meals was very similar to uninfected blood meal. However, changes post-49 blood meal from day 1 to day 9 were dramatic. As a blood feeding insect can accumulate 50 three times its weight in one blood meal, this seems to be the most important physiological 51 change rather than the presence of the parasite. The latter might be just one in a number of 52 microbes the insect encounters. This result will generate new thinking around the concept of 53 stopping transmission by controlling the parasite inside the insect. 54 55

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phlebotomus papatasi transcriptomic response to trypanosomatid-contaminated blood is robust but non-specific

Sloan

Sádlová

Leštinová

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…2018), with reads present in 42 of 167 samples (up to 1.38 reads per kilobase per million reads, RPKM), a novel trypanosomatid distantly related to Herpetomonas muscarum (e.g. Sloan et al . 2019) with reads present in 80 samples (up to 0.87 RPKM).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The discovery, distribution and diversity of DNA viruses associated withDrosophila melanogasterin Europe

Wallace

Coffman

Gilbert

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for antiviral immunity in arthropods, but very few DNA viruses have been described in association with the Drosophilidae. This has limited the opportunity to use natural host-pathogen combinations in experimental studies, and may have biased our understanding of the Drosophila virome. Here we describe fourteen DNA viruses detectable by metagenomic analysis of 6.5 thousand pool-sequenced Drosophila, sampled from 47 European locations between 2014 and 2016. These include three new Nudiviruses, a new and divergent Entomopox virus, a virus related to Leptopilina boulardi filamentous virus, and a virus related to Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus. We also find an endogenous genomic copy of Galbut virus, an RNA Partitivirus, segregating at very low frequency. Remarkably, we show that Vesanto virus, a small DNA virus previously described as a Bidnavirus, may be composed of up to 12 segments and represents a new lineage of segmented DNA viruses. Only two of the DNA viruses, Kallithea virus (Nudiviridae) and Vesanto virus (Bidna-virus like) are common, being found in 2% or more of wild flies. The other viruses are rare, with many likely to be represented by a single infected fly in the collection. We find that virus prevalence in Europe reflects that seen in publicly-available datasets, with Kallithea virus and Vesanto virus being commonly detectable in data from wild-caught flies and large population cages, and the others being rare or absent. These analyses suggest that DNA viruses are generally rarer than RNA viruses in D. melanogaster, and may be less likely to persist in laboratory cultures. Our findings go some way to redress the earlier bias toward RNA virus studies in Drosophila, and lay the foundation needed to harness the power of Drosophila as a model system for the study of DNA viruses.

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“…Herpetomonas muscarum in wild populations (Wang et al, 2019). We have begun to use this system 50 to identify evolutionarily conserved aspects of dipteran-trypanosomatid interactions (Wang et al 51 2019; Sloan et al 2019). Our recent study showed that ingestion of H. muscarum by D. melanogaster 52 was associated with reduced fecundity and activation of major immune signalling pathways 53 including NF-B and STAT (Wang et al 2019).…”

Section: Introduction 43mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools for the Genetic Manipulation of Herpetomonas muscarum

Sloan¹,

Ligoxygakis

2020

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Trypanosomatid parasites are causative agents of important human and animal diseases such as sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis. Most trypanosomatids are transmitted to their mammalian hosts by insects, often belonging to Diptera (or true flies). With resistance to both vector-targeted pesticides and trypanocidal drugs being reported, there is a need for novel transmission blocking strategies to be developed. Studies using the blood-feeding vectors themselves are not broadly accessible, as such, new model systems are being developed to unpick insect-trypanosmatids interactions. One such case is the interactions between the model dipteran Drosophila melanogaster and its natural trypanosomatid Herpetomonas muscarum. Our previous work has found that much of the transcriptomic changes triggered in H. muscarum after ingestion by Drosophila reflect what is known for disease-causing trypanosomatids. Here we describe a set of tools to genetically manipulate the parasite and therefore create a truly tractable insect-parasite interaction system from both sides of this association. These include transgenic fluorescently tagged parasites to follow infection dynamics in the fly gut as well as iterations of plasmids that can be used for generating knock-in and knock-out strains. The tools presented in this short report will facilitate further characterization of trypanosomatid establishment in a model dipteran.

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Transcriptional and genomic parallels between the monoxenous parasiteHerpetomonas muscarumandLeishmania

Cited by 5 publications

References 92 publications

The Phlebotomus papatasi transcriptomic response to trypanosomatid-contaminated blood is robust but non-specific

The Phlebotomus papatasi transcriptomic response to trypanosomatid-contaminated blood is robust but non-specific

The discovery, distribution and diversity of DNA viruses associated withDrosophila melanogasterin Europe

Tools for the Genetic Manipulation of Herpetomonas muscarum

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