Transcriptional Differences in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds at the Freshly Harvested, After-ripening and Newly Germinated Seed Stages: Insights into the Regulatory Networks of Seed Dormancy Release and Germination

Abstract

Seed dormancy and germination are the two important traits related to plant survival, reproduction and crop yield. To understand the regulatory mechanisms of these traits, it is crucial to clarify which genes or pathways participate in the regulation of these processes. However, little information is available on seed dormancy and germination in peanut. In this study, seeds of the variety Luhua No.14, which undergoes nondeep dormancy, were selected, and their transcriptional changes at three different developmental stages, the freshly harvested seed (FS), the after-ripening seed (DS) and the newly germinated seed (GS) stages, were investigated by comparative transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that genes with increased transcription in the DS vs FS comparison were overrepresented for oxidative phosphorylation, the glycolysis pathway and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, suggesting that after a period of dry storage, the intermediates stored in the dry seeds were rapidly mobilized by glycolysis, the TCA cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, etc.; the electron transport chain accompanied by respiration was reactivated to provide ATP for the mobilization of other reserves and for seed germination. In the GS vs DS pairwise comparison, dozens of the upregulated genes were related to plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, including the majority of components involved in the auxin signal pathway, brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signal transduction as well as some GA and ABA signal transduction genes. During seed germination, the expression of some EXPANSIN and XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE genes was also significantly enhanced. To investigate the effects of different hormones during seed germination, the contents and differential distribution of ABA, GAs, BRs and IAA in the cotyledons, hypocotyls and radicles, and plumules of three seed sections at different developmental stages were also investigated. Combined with previous data in other species, it was suggested that the coordination

Transcriptome and Metabolite Conjoint Analysis Reveals the Seed Dormancy Release Process in Callery Pear

“…The transition from seed dormancy to germination has been associated with the degradation and mobilization of storage reserves (starch, oils, and proteins), which are essential energy sources and contribute to the generation of dormancy release and subsequent seed germination [17,57,58]. During seed dormancy release and germination, starch, oils, and proteins are degraded and converted into soluble sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, respectively.…”

WITHDRAWN: Transcriptome and targeted metabolome reveal the regulation network of Lilium davidii var. unicolor during dormancy release

“…In gladiolus [10] (Gladiolus hybridus), lily [3] (Lilium pumilum), aerial garlic [18], Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl rhizomes [19], peanut [20] (Arachis hypogaea L.) and cherry [21] (Prunus avium L.), previous studies on dormancy germination using transcriptome analysis have made signi cant progress. However, few in-depth analyses of dormancy have been reported by combining transcriptomics with targeted metabolomics.…”

· Integrated metabolic and transcriptomic profiles reveal the germination-associated dynamic changes for Cassiae Semen

“…Also, histidine-containing phosphotransfer protein (AHP) gene which participated in the cell division process was up-regulated (Table S3). The basic role of phytohormone signaling is to promote cell elongation (Xu et al, 2020). Aromatic amino acids (such as phenylalanine) are the main precursor to induce the synthesis of plant hormones (Vered et al, 2010).…”