Transcriptional ‘enhancers’ from SV40 and polyoma virus show a cell type preference

Villiers, Jean de; Olson, Laura; Tyndall, Chiara; Schaffner, Walter

doi:10.1093/nar/10.24.7965

Cited by 180 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, the modulating effect of the region upstream from the TATA box appears to have some species specificity. Recently, several groups (23,24) demonstrated that the expression of viral enhancer sequences is largely controlled in a host cellspecific fashion, probably through interaction with cellular macromolecules. Based on these observations, one might expect that the signals located in the upstream region of the fibroin gene could play a role in its developmental tissue specificity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription modulation in vitro of the fibroin gene exerted by a 200-base-pair region upstream from the "TATA" box.

Tsuda¹,

Suzuki²

1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We have previously reported that the 5'-flanking sequence upstream from the "TATA" box modulates the faithful transcription initiation of the fibroin gene in a homologous whole cell extract prepared from the silk glands, whereas such a modulating effect is not observed in a HeLa cell extract. Subsequently we have determined that major signals responsible for the modulating effect are located within a 200-base-pair region upstream from the TATA box, mainly in a distal region between nucleotide positions -238 and -116 and in a proximal one between -73 and -53. Inversion of the sequence element -234 to -66 did not alter its modulating effect. A similar modulating effect by the upstream region of the sericin gene was also observed in the silk gland extract but not in the HeLa cell extract. In contrast, a modulating effect by the upstream region of the adenovirus 2 major late gene was observed in the HeLa cell extract but not in the silk gland extract. Thus, the modulating effect by the upstream regions of these genes is exerted only in their own homologous extracts.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription modulation in vitro of the fibroin gene exerted by a 200-base-pair region upstream from the "TATA" box.

Tsuda¹,

Suzuki²

1983

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…More recently, enhancer elements have been found in a variety of other viruses (reviewed in Gluzman and Shenk, 1983;Gruss, 1984;Picard, 1985). Some enhancers, for example from polyoma virus and Moloney murine sarcoma virus, show a host cell preference and thus contribute to the host range of the virus (de Villiers et al, 1982;Laimins et al, 1982). Others, like the SV40 enhancer, are active in a wide variety of cell types from many species (de Villiers et al, 1982;Neuhaus et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some enhancers, for example from polyoma virus and Moloney murine sarcoma virus, show a host cell preference and thus contribute to the host range of the virus (de Villiers et al, 1982;Laimins et al, 1982). Others, like the SV40 enhancer, are active in a wide variety of cell types from many species (de Villiers et al, 1982;Neuhaus et al, 1984). A sequence with properties of an enhancer has also been identified upstream of the promoter for IE mRNA 3 of herpes simplex virus type I (Lang et al, 1984;Preston and Tannahill, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterologous enhancers have been shown to substitute for the enhancer of SV40 or polyoma virus, allowing T antigen expression and viral DNA replication (de Villiers et al, 1982;Levinson et al,, 1982;Lusky et al, 1983;Fried et al, 1983). This has allowed us to develop a method for detection of enhancer elements in large genomes by an "enhancer trap" assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus

Boshart

Weber

Jahn

et al. 1985

Cell

1,097

648

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SummaryA strong transcription enhancer was identified in the genomic DNA (235 kb) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous and severe pathogen of the herpesvirus group. Cotransfection of enhancerless SV40 DNA with randomly fragmented HCMV DNA yielded two SV40-HCMV recombinant viruses that had incorporated overlapping segments of HCMV DNA to substitute for the missing SV40 enhancer. Within HCMV, these enhancer sequences are located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the major immediate-early gene, between nucleotides -118 and -524. Deletion studies with the HCMV enhancer, which harbors a variety of repeated sequence motifs, show that different subsets of this enhancer can substitute for the SV40 enhancer. The HCMV enhancer, which seems to have little cell type or species preference, is severalfold more active than the SV40 enhancer. It is the strongest enhancer we have analyzed so far, a property that makes it a useful component of eukaryotic expression vectors.

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“…Unique characteristics of these enhancer elements include their ability to function in an orientationindependent manner and over relatively long distances (2,12,25). Enhancer activity can also occur in a tissue-or species-specific manner (10,21). Enhancers have been identified in the U3 region of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of retroviruses (17,19,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat sequences can enhance gene activity in a cell-type-specific manner.

Yoshimura¹,

Davison²,

Chaffin³

1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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We tested the ability of sequences in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of a mink cell focus-forming (MCF) murine leukemia virus to function as an enhancer in a cell-type-specific manner. In a stable transformation assay, the MCF or Akv LTR and the simian virus 40 enhancer had similar activities in murine fibroblasts. In contrast, the MCF LTR had a significantly greater activity in murine T lymphoid cells than did either the simian virus 40 enhancer or the Akv LTR.One of the regulatory signals for transcription of eucaryotic genes is cis-acting enhancer elements that can augment the transcriptional activity of different genes (for review, see references 14 and 18). Enhancer elements were first identified in the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome but have subsequently been found in other viruses, including retroviruses (17,23,24), and have recently been identified for cellular genes (1,13,29). Unique characteristics of these enhancer elements include their ability to function in an orientationindependent manner and over relatively long distances (2,12,25). Enhancer activity can also occur in a tissue-or species-specific manner (10, 21). Enhancers have been identified in the U3 region of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of retroviruses (17,19,20). More recently, the LTRs of murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) have been implicated in the specific type of neoplasia caused by these viruses (5, 9, 22, 28), and it is possible that the sequences resembling enhancers are responsible for this specificity (4).We have examined the LTR of a mink cell focus-forming (MCF) MLV ) to study the role that these terminal repeated sequences play in the specificity of tumor formation by MCF viruses. Lymphomagenic MCF MLVs have been implicated in the development of thymic lymphomas in strain AKR mice because of their ability to accelerate the onset of tumorigenesis (6,27 (Fig. 1, in brackets) in the U3 region. From a comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the LTRs of MCF-13 and Akv (Fig. 1), it seems clear that the greatest differences are present in the U3 region. This is a region in the LTR where duplicated sequences resembling enhancer elements have been identified for other retroviruses, and these sequences also appear to be present in the case of MCF-13 and Akv (Fig. 1). We wished to determine whether the repeated sequences for MCF-13 and Akv could also * Corresponding author. function as enhancer elements and whether this activity could occur in a cell-type-specific manner. Tissue-specific differences in the activities of these enhancerlike elements could help to account for the different pathogenic properties of these two viruses.To test this idea, we compared the LTRs of MCF-13 and Akv, along with the prototypical SV40 enhancer, in plasmid constructs containing each enhancer and the selectable gene conferring neomycin resistance (Neor) in murine cells in culture. A clone generated by Southern and Berg (33) which contains the SV40 origin of replication was used to test the SV40 enhancer (Fig. 2). The SV40 sequences that are present in thi...

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Transcriptional ‘enhancers’ from SV40 and polyoma virus show a cell type preference

Cited by 180 publications

References 22 publications

Transcription modulation in vitro of the fibroin gene exerted by a 200-base-pair region upstream from the "TATA" box.

Transcription modulation in vitro of the fibroin gene exerted by a 200-base-pair region upstream from the "TATA" box.

A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus

Murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat sequences can enhance gene activity in a cell-type-specific manner.

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