Transcriptional profile of <scp>S</scp>almonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar <scp>W</scp>eltevreden during alfalfa sprout colonization

Brankatschk, K.; Kamber, Tim; Pothier, Joël F.; Duffy, Brion; Smits, Theo H. M.

doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12104

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Proteins involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, fermentation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, amino acid metabolism, cofactor biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and catabolism, nutrient transport, cell envelope biogenesis, and maintenance of cellular redox potential were detected in our protein survey. A transcriptomic profile of S. enterica serovar Weltevreden during alfalfa sprout colonization compared to growth in minimal medium (40) revealed upregulation of genes in many of the same pathways. The identified S. enterica proteome indicates that S. enterica acquires and catabolizes plant-derived nutrients, as well as biosynthesizing required metabolites that are presumably absent or limiting in the spermosphere and early rhizosphere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Amino Acid Biosynthesis Contributes to Salmonella enterica Growth in Alfalfa Seedling Exudates

Kwan

Pisithkul

Amador‐Noguez

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Salmonella enterica is a member of the plant microbiome. Growth of S. enterica in sprouting-seed exudates is rapid; however, the active metabolic networks essential in this environment are unknown. To examine the metabolic requirements of S. enterica during growth in sprouting-seed exudates, we inoculated alfalfa seeds and identified 305 S. enterica proteins extracted 24 h postinoculation from planktonic cells. Over half the proteins had known metabolic functions, and they are involved in over onequarter of the known metabolic reactions. Ion and metabolite transport accounted for the majority of detected reactions. Proteins involved in amino acid transport and metabolism were highly represented, suggesting that amino acid metabolic networks may be important for S. enterica growth in association with roots. Amino acid auxotroph growth phenotypes agreed with the proteomic data; auxotrophs in amino acid-biosynthetic pathways that were detected in our screen developed growth defects by 48 h. When the perceived sufficiency of each amino acid was expressed as a ratio of the calculated biomass requirement to the available concentration and compared to growth of each amino acid auxotroph, a correlation between nutrient availability and bacterial growth was found. Furthermore, glutamate transport acted as a fitness factor during S. enterica growth in association with roots. Collectively, these data suggest that S. enterica metabolism is robust in the germinating-alfalfa environment; that single-amino-acid metabolic pathways are important but not essential; and that targeting central metabolic networks, rather than dedicated pathways, may be necessary to achieve dramatic impacts on bacterial growth. P lants can influence both the number and species of bacteria that colonize their surfaces. The availability and types of nutrients, secretion of chemoattractants or repellents, and production of antimicrobial compounds all impact the composition of the plant-associated bacterial community. In particular, germinating seeds and roots release exudates containing complex mixtures of amino acids, sugars, organic acids, and other plant metabolites that support the growth of microbial colonists in the spermosphere and rhizosphere (1-5). Successful colonization of and persistence in these plant niches requires that bacteria acquire and metabolize these plant-derived nutrients and biosynthesize any required metabolites not sufficiently available from the plant.The compositions of seed and root exudates are dynamic and vary based on seed and plant age, soil type, temperature, nutritional status, and crop (6, 7). The identity and quantity of nutrients in plant exudates have a profound impact on bacterial growth and metabolic activity (8). Seeds that released larger quantities of carbohydrates and amino acids supported higher Enterobacter cloacae populations, rates of bacterial growth, and metabolic activity (3,4,8). Nutrient identity (e.g., alanine, arginine, and aspartate), not just type (e.g., amino acids, sugars, and lipids), influen...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Amino Acid Biosynthesis Contributes to Salmonella enterica Growth in Alfalfa Seedling Exudates

Kwan

Pisithkul

Amador‐Noguez

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Other genes probably involve in biofilm regulation, such as ybiM and yceP , also show a very strong induction (Fink et al ., ). In line with these findings, E. coli attached to the lettuce rhizosphere upregulates the csg genes (Hou et al ., ), and S. Weltevreden upregulated csg and TTSS‐2 genes during alfalfa sprout colonization as compared with M9 minimal medium (Brankatschk et al ., ). Screening for Salmonella genes differentially regulated in tomatoes relative to growth in Luria–Bertani soft agar identified several genes, including genes associated with attachment, stress response, biofilm formation and capsule formation (Noel et al ., ).…”

Section: Regulation Of Biofilm Formation On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biofilm formation by enteric pathogens and its role in plant colonization and persistence

Yaron

Römling

2014

Microbial Biotechnology

220

144

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The significant increase in foodborne outbreaks caused by contaminated fresh produce, such as alfalfa sprouts, lettuce, melons, tomatoes and spinach, during the last 30 years stimulated investigation of the mechanisms of persistence of human pathogens on plants. Emerging evidence suggests that Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, which cause the vast majority of fresh produce outbreaks, are able to adhere to and to form biofilms on plants leading to persistence and resistance to disinfection treatments, which subsequently can cause human infections and major outbreaks. In this review, we present the current knowledge about host, bacterial and environmental factors that affect the attachment to plant tissue and the process of biofilm formation by S. enterica and E. coli, and discuss how biofilm formation assists in persistence of pathogens on the plants. Mechanisms used by S. enterica and E. coli to adhere and persist on abiotic surfaces and mammalian cells are partially similar and also used by plant pathogens and symbionts. For example, amyloid curli fimbriae, part of the extracellular matrix of biofilms, frequently contribute to adherence and are upregulated upon adherence and colonization of plant material. Also the major exopolysaccharide of the biofilm matrix, cellulose, is an adherence factor not only of S. enterica and E. coli, but also of plant symbionts and pathogens. Plants, on the other hand, respond to colonization by enteric pathogens with a variety of defence mechanisms, some of which can effectively inhibit biofilm formation. Consequently, plant compounds might be investigated for promising novel antibiofilm strategies.

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“…In addition, they also found that the two other Fe-S cluster-related operons were not differentially expressed. Brankatschk et al (2013) who investigated the transcriptional profile of Salmonella Weltevreden during alfalfa sprout colonization also reported upregulation of the cys operon [28]. …”

Section: Stress Responsive Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microarray-Based Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai during Preharvest Survival on Butterhead Lettuce

Linden

Cottyn²,

Uyttendaele

et al. 2016

Agriculture

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Numerous outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been linked to the consumption of leafy vegetables. However, up to the present, little has been known about E. coli O157:H7's adaptive responses to survival on actively growing (and thus responsive) plants. In this study, whole genome transcriptional profiles were generated from E. coli O157:H7 cells (isolate Sakai, stx-) one hour and two days after inoculation on the leaves of growing butterhead lettuce, and compared with an inoculum control. A total of 273 genes of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai (5.04% of the whole genome) were significantly induced or repressed by at least two-fold (p < 0.01) in at least one of the analyzed time points in comparison with the control. Several E. coli O157:H7 genes associated with oxidative stress and antimicrobial resistance were upregulated, including the iron-sulfur cluster and the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon, whereas the Shiga toxin virulence genes were downregulated. Nearly 40% of the genes with significantly different expression were poorly characterized genes or genes with unknown functions. These genes are of special interest for future research as they may play an important role in the pathogens' adaptation to a lifestyle on plants. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the pathogen actively interacts with the plant environment by adapting its metabolism and responding to oxidative stress.

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Transcriptional profile of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Weltevreden during alfalfa sprout colonization

Cited by 21 publications

References 88 publications

De Novo Amino Acid Biosynthesis Contributes to Salmonella enterica Growth in Alfalfa Seedling Exudates

De Novo Amino Acid Biosynthesis Contributes to Salmonella enterica Growth in Alfalfa Seedling Exudates

Biofilm formation by enteric pathogens and its role in plant colonization and persistence

Microarray-Based Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai during Preharvest Survival on Butterhead Lettuce

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