Transcriptional Regulation: Molecules, Involved Mechanisms, and Misregulation

Casamassimi, Amelia; Ciccodicola, Alfredo

doi:10.3390/ijms20061281

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Hence, the different stages of seaweed thalli development could contribute to the expression of different regulatory proteins. In higher plants, different proteins can participate as elements of regulatory mechanisms and co-ordinate cell activity [26]. Furthermore, if the transcription factors were activated and regulatory proteins were synthesised, this would reinforce the theory of a time-gene regulation of two sulfurylase as thalli development proceeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed Grateloupia imbricata

2020

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Carrageenan, the foremost constituent of extracellular matrix of some rhodophyta, is a galactan backbone with a different number of sulphate groups attached. Variations of degree of sulphation are associated with different types of carrageenans, which vary according to seaweed life cycles, and have consequences for the exploitation of this raw material. In this work, we used three well-recognised stages of development thalli and two stages of cystocarp maturation to analyse genes that encode addition and elimination of sulphate groups to cell-wall galactan of the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata. Expressions of carbohydrate sulfotransferase and galactose-6 sulfurylase and genes encoding stress proteins such as cytochrome P450 and WD40, were examined. Results showed that transcript expression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase occurs at all stage of thalli development. Meanwhile galactose-6 sulfurylase expressions displayed different roles, which could be related to a temporal regulation of cystocarp maturation. Cytochrome P450 and WD40 are related to the disclosure and maturation of cystocarps of G. imbricata. Our conclusion is that differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the sulphation and desulphation of galactan backbone is associated with alterations in thalli development and cystocarp maturation in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata. Exploitation of industry-valued carrageenan will depend on insight into gene mechanisms of red seaweeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed Grateloupia imbricata

2020

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“…Transcriptional regulation plays important roles in the processes of eukaryotic gene expression. Transcriptional regulation modifies the gene expression level by altering the efficiency of gene transcription [ 43 ]. Studies have proven that the occurrence of cervical cancer is related to transcription failure [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer

et al. 2021

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In various cancers, microRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed, including thyroid cancer (TC). In recent years, the incidence of TC has increased annually around the world. Compared with female patients, male TC patients are more likely to have a postoperative recurrence and lymph node metastasis, and hence need second treatments. However, the molecular biological processes underlying this phenomenon are not understood. Therefore, we collected data on miRNA expression and clinical information of male TC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between male TC tissues and matched normal tissues. The Kaplan–Meier method, univariate and multivariate Cox regressions, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to assess the association between miRNAs and the disease-free survival of male TC patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) enrichment analyses were then used to explore the function of miRNA target genes. Furthermore, we evaluated the ability of the miRNA biomarker to predict survival in female TC patients. As a result, a total of 118 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including 25 upregulated and 93 downregulated miRNAs. Among them, miR-451a and miR-16-1-3p were confirmed to be independent prognostic factors for the disease-free survival rate. The target genes of miR-451a and miR-16-1-3p were identified, and functional analysis showed that these genes were enriched in 25 Go and KEGG accessions, including cell signal transduction, motor adhesion, phagocytosis, regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, etc. Neither miR-451a and miR-16-1-3p, nor a prediction model based on both miRNAs effectively predicted survival in female TC patients. In conclusion, both miR-451a and miR-16-1-3p may play important roles in the processes of male TC. The two-miRNA signature involving miR-1258 and miR-193a may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for male TC patients.

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“…Transcriptional regulation is an important biological process of the cell and organism respond to multiple signals over their lifetime ( 97 ). Similarly, it is the core process in cancer progression and metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput In Vitro Gene Expression Profile to Screen of Natural Herbals for Breast Cancer Treatment

et al. 2021

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Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Some therapeutic drugs and approaches could cause side effects and weaken the immune system. The combination of conventional therapies and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) significantly improves treatment efficacy in breast cancer. However, the chemical composition and underlying anti-tumor mechanisms of TCM still need to be investigated. The primary aim of this study is to provide unique insights to screen the natural components for breast cancer therapy using high-throughput transcriptome analysis. Differentially expressed genes were identified based on two conditions: single samples and groups were classified according to their pharmaceutical effect. Subsequently, the sample treated with E. cochinchinensis Lour. generated the most significant DEGs set, including 1,459 DEGs, 805 upregulated and 654 downregulated. Similarly, group 3 treatment contained the most DEGs (414 DEGs, 311 upregulated and 103 downregulated). KEGG pathway analyses showed five significant pathways associated with the inflammatory and metastasis processes in cancer, which include the TNF, IL−17, NF-kappa B, MAPK signaling pathways, and transcriptional misregulation in cancer. Samples were classified into 13 groups based on their pharmaceutical effects. The results of the KEGG pathway analyses remained consistent with signal samples; group 3 presents a high significance. A total of 21 genes were significantly regulated in these five pathways, interestingly, IL6, TNFAIP3, and BRIC3 were enriched on at least two pathways, seven genes (FOSL1, S100A9, CXCL12, ID2, PRS6KA3, AREG, and DUSP6) have been reported as the target biomarkers and even the diagnostic tools in cancer therapy. In addition, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify 18 modules. Among them, blue and thistle2 were the most relevant modules. A total of 26 hub genes in blue and thistle2 modules were identified as the hub genes. In conclusion, we screened out three new TCM (R. communis L., E. cochinchinensis Lour., and B. fruticosa) that have the potential to develop natural drugs for breast cancer therapy, and obtained the therapeutic targets.

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Transcriptional Regulation: Molecules, Involved Mechanisms, and Misregulation

Abstract: Transcriptional regulation is a critical biological process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals, to define cell identity during development, to maintain it throughout its lifetime, and to coordinate cellular activity [...]

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed Grateloupia imbricata

Expression of Genes Related to Carrageenan Synthesis during Carposporogenesis of the Red Seaweed Grateloupia imbricata

A two-microRNA signature predicts the progression of male thyroid cancer

High-Throughput In Vitro Gene Expression Profile to Screen of Natural Herbals for Breast Cancer Treatment

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