Transcriptional regulation of enniatins production by <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i>

Fanelli, Francesca; Ferracane, Rosalia; Ritieni, Alberto; Logrieco, A.; Mulé, Giuseppina

doi:10.1111/jam.12371

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…They have a wide range of toxicological effects, including antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and cytotoxic properties [ 18 ]. Mixtures of ENs, similar to those detected in the stem base, are supposed to act synergistically in host infection and colonization processes, for example by causing necrosis to plant tissues [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histology-guided high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging of wheat-Fusarium graminearum interaction at the root–shoot junction

Bhandari

Wang

et al. 2018

Plant Methods

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BackgroundFungal pathogens like Fusarium graminearum can cause severe yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of food and feed worldwide. We recently showed its ability to systemically colonize wheat via root infection. However, the molecular response of wheat to Fusarium root rot (FRR) infection and systemic spread is still unknown. As a molecular camera, mass spectrometry (MS) imaging combines label-free and multiplex metabolite profiling with histopathology.ResultsAtmospheric-pressure (AP)-SMALDI-MS imaging was combined with optical microscopy to study wheat-F. graminearum interaction at the root–shoot junction, which is a crucial line of defense against a pathogen that can invade all distal plant parts. To scope the functional, temporal and local aspects of FRR disease spread, metabolic changes were simultaneous visualized in diseased and healthy stem bases of the resistant cultivar Florence-Aurore at 10, 14 and 21 days after root inoculation. Histological information was used to identify disease relevant tissues and to assist the interpretation of molecular images. Detected mycotoxin compounds secreted by F. graminearum showed a route of stem infection that was consistent with observations made by microscopy. The outer epidermis and vasculature of leaf sheath were, at different disease stages, identified as prominent sites of pathogen migration and wheat protection. Wheat metabolites mapped to these relatively small tissues indicated cell wall strengthening and antifungal activity as direct defenses as well as conservation in the wheat reactions to F. graminearum diseases that affect different plant organs.ConclusionsAP-SMALDI-MS imaging at high spatial resolution is a versatile technique that can be applied to basic and applied aspects of agricultural research. Combining the technology with optical microscopy was found to be a powerful tool to gain in-depth information on almost unknown crop disease. Moreover, the approach allowed studying metabolism at the host–pathogen interface. The results provide important hints to an understanding of the complex spatio-temporal organization of plant resistance. Defense-on-demand responses to pathogen ingress were found, which provide opportunities for future research towards an improved resistance that does not negatively impact yield development in the field by saving plant resources and, moreover, may control different Fusarium diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-018-0368-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histology-guided high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging of wheat-Fusarium graminearum interaction at the root–shoot junction

Bhandari

Wang

et al. 2018

Plant Methods

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“…Assays on growth inhibition and production of mycotoxins were performed on FDM-Agar medium in Petri dishes (diameter 90 mm) supplemented with EOs and inoculated at the center with 10 µL of conidia suspension or alternatively with an agar plug from a previous culture on FDM-Agar. FDM is a synthetic medium promoting the production of ENNs by F. avenaceum [54]. The EOs were diluted in ethanol and added to the FDMagar culture medium cooled to 55 • C (still liquid) after autoclaving, stirred for 5 min and poured into 9 cm diameter Petri dishes, 10 mL per plate.…”

Section: Fusarium Strain and Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammoides pusilla Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of Fusarium avenaceum and Its Enniatin Production

et al. 2021

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Enniatins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species contaminating cereals and various agricultural commodities. The co-occurrence of these mycotoxins in large quantities with other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes and the possible synergies in toxicity could lead to serious food safety problems. Using the agar dilution method, Ammoides pusilla was selected among eight Tunisian plants for the antifungal potential of its essential oil (EO) on Fusarium avenaceum mycelial growth and its production of enniatins. Two EO batches were produced and analyzed by GC/MS-MS. Their activities were measured using both contact assays and fumigant tests (estimated IC50 were 0.1 µL·mL−1 and 7.6 µL·L−1, respectively). The A. pusilla EOs and their volatiles inhibited the germination of spores and the mycelial growth, showing a fungistatic but not fungicidal activity. The accumulation of enniatins was also significantly reduced (estimated IC50 were 0.05 µL·mL−1 for the contact assays and 4.2 µL·L−1 for the fumigation assays). The most active batch of EO was richer in thymol, the main volatile compound found. Thymol used as fumigant showed a potent fungistatic activity but not a significant antimycotoxigenic activity. Overall, our data demonstrated the bioactivity of A. pusilla EO and its high potential to control F. avenaceum and its enniatins production in agricultural commodities.

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“…The monosporic cultures were morphologically identified according to Leslie and Summerell keys [ 17 ]. The macroscopic examination of the cultures of the fungal species was carried out on PDA and on FDM-agar medium the composition of which was: 12.5 g of glucose, 4.25 g of NaNO 3 , 5 g of NaCl, 2.5 g of MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 1.36 g of KH 2 PO 4 , 0.01 g of FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.0029 g of ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 15 g of agar, 1 L of water [ 18 ]. The characteristics of micro- and macroconidia (appearance of the conidiophore, form, and size) were observed under an optical microscope (magnifications: 100×, 2000×).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fusarium acuminatum: A Potential Enniatins Producer in Tunisian Wheat

Chakroun

Oueslati

Pinson‐Gadais

et al. 2022

JoF

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Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), caused by multiple species of Fusarium in small grain cereals, is a significant and long-standing problem anywhere in the world. Knowing regional Fusarium spp. present on non-symptomatic grains and their potential for mycotoxin production is of concern for identifying novel actions for FHB and mycotoxin management, such as treatments with essential oils. Analyzing the mycotoxin content of grains from non-symptomatic ears of different wheat varieties cultivated in Tunisia, we isolated Fusaria specimens identified as F. culmorum and F. acuminatum using analysis of the partial DNA sequence of the β-tubulin gene and ITS region. Two isolates of the latter species, uncommon in cereal grains in this region until now, were shown to be effective producers of enniatins in vitro, with 1390 and 3089 µg g−1 mycelial biomass (dry) in 11-day-old cultures. The susceptibility of an isolate of F. acuminatum to the fungistatic and antimycotoxin effects of eight essential oils was measured. Essential oils from Ammoides pusilla and Thymus capitatus used at 0.1 µL mL−1 in an agar culture medium, affected the mycelial growth by 55% and 79%, respectively and reduced the accumulation of enniatins per unit of mycelial colony by 26% and 52%, respectively. Finally, F. acuminatum was shown to be a contaminant of wheat grains in Tunisia and it may contribute to the contamination in enniatins. Two essential oils of Tunisian plants could be used for developing a biofungicide limiting both its mycelial growth and its accumulation of mycotoxins in grains.

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Transcriptional regulation of enniatins production by Fusarium avenaceum

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Histology-guided high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging of wheat-Fusarium graminearum interaction at the root–shoot junction

Histology-guided high-resolution AP-SMALDI mass spectrometry imaging of wheat-Fusarium graminearum interaction at the root–shoot junction

Ammoides pusilla Essential Oil: A Potent Inhibitor of the Growth of Fusarium avenaceum and Its Enniatin Production

Characterization of Fusarium acuminatum: A Potential Enniatins Producer in Tunisian Wheat

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