Transcriptional regulation of milk fat synthesis in dairy cattle

Tian, Zhichen; Zhang, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Huiming; Sun, Yujia; Mao, Yongjiang; Yang, Zhangping; Li, Mingxun

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2022.105208

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Moreover, genes related to FA metabolism, TG synthesis, and lipid droplet formation, such as ACSS2 , GPAM , LPIN1 , and XDH , were also increased after KRAS inhibition. Once FAs with >10 carbons are formed, they are activated by ACSL1 and bound to FABP3, which allows the FAs to enter the TG synthesis pathway [ 39 ]. Short-chain FAs are inserted into the TG via diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2022

Animals

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Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), or guanosine triphosphatase KRAS, is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small guanosine triphosphatase transductor protein. Previous studies have found that KRAS can promote cytokine secretion, cell chemotaxis, and survival. However, its effects on milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells are unclear. In this study, the effects of KRAS inhibition on cell metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and lipid composition as well as the potential mechanisms were detected in an immortalized dairy cow mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The results showed that inhibition of KRAS changed the lipid composition (especially the triglyceride level), mitochondrial functions, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in cells. Moreover, KRAS inhibition regulated the levels of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p38) activation. These results indicated that regulation of KRAS would affect the synthesis and composition of milk fat. These results are also helpful for exploring the synthesis and secretion of milk fat at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for improving the percentage of fat in milk and the yield of milk from cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…The next interesting ROH hotspot region identified only by the HD panel was localized on chromosome 26. This region overlapped with the SCD gene that encodes the stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme, which was proposed in numerous studies (Li et al, 2020;Tian et al, 2022) to regulate milk fat synthesis and influence milk composition. Again, this signal was not detected in the case of the medium-density SNP panel.…”

Section: Roh Hotspots and Their Gene Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analysis of runs of homozygosity and heterozygosity in Holstein cattle on the basis of medium and high density SNP panels and large population sample

Szmatoła,

Gurgul,

Jasielczuk

et al. 2024

Annals of Animal Science

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This study reports runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity (ROHet) distributed in a large population of Holstein cattle on the basis of two microarrays of medium (50k; 2163 animals; 54 609 SNPs) and high single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density (HD; 600 animals; 777 692 SNPs). To assess the inbreeding values of Holstein cattle, the ROH-based genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) was calculated. The comparison of SNP panels suggested that FROH values above 4 Mb should be considered for panels of medium densities as a relatively reliable measure of inbreeding. Moreover, ROH hotspots and coldspots were identified and compared between the HD and 50k SNP panels and were carefully examined for association with production and functional traits. The obtained results pinpointed genomic regions presumably under selection pressure in Holstein cattle. The regions overlapped with a large number of genes, including GHR, GBF1, SUMF1, CCL28, NIM1K, U6, BTRC and FABP1, many of which are involved in important Holstein cattle characteristics. We also found that some ROH hotspots and coldspots identified with the HD panel were not detected with the 50k panel, mainly because of insufficient SNP density in certain genomic regions. This suggests that using medium-density panels might not be the best choice when precise identification of ROH patterns is the main goal. In summary, in this work, we confirmed that a high-density SNP panel compared to a medium-density SNP panel allows for more precise identification of ROH patterns, especially in the case of short ROH that could be associated with ancestral inbreeding.

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Section: Regulation Of De Novo Synthesis By Trans-10 Cis-12 Clamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acetyl coenzyme A is then carboxylated by ACACA, leading to the formation of malonyl coenzyme A. Subsequently, FASN facilitates the sequential addition of two carbon atoms to the growth chain of FAs [46]. The endogenous synthesis of FAs in ruminant dairy products originates from the fat of consumed feed and the mobilization of body fat, particularly in early lactation.…”

Section: Regulation Of De Novo Synthesis By Trans-10 Cis-12 Clamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is only through the circulating blood that LCFAs in the mammary gland are actively or passively absorbed [46]. This process involves blood very-low-density lipoproteins (VDLD) and celiac-dependent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) anchoring the mammary endothelium, and subsequently LCFAs entering the mammary epithelium via proteinmediated transport.…”

Section: Regulation Of Lcfas Uptake and Transport In Milk Fat By Tran...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Milk Fat Metabolism in Ruminants and Humans

Wang,

Xin,

Chen

et al. 2023

Animals

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As a valuable nutrient in milk, fat accounts for a significant proportion of the energy requirements of ruminants and is largely responsible for determining milk quality. Fatty acids (FAs) are a pivotal component of milk fat. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the naturally occurring FAs prevalent in ruminant dairy products and meat. Increasing attention has been given to CLA because of its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and lipid metabolism regulation properties, and these benefits potentially contribute to the growth and health of infants. In breast milk, CLA is present in trace amounts, mainly in the form of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Notably, cis-9, trans-11 CLA improves the milk fat rate while trans-10, cis-12 CLA inhibits it. Apart from having multiple physiological functions, CLA is also a pivotal factor in determining the milk quality of ruminants, especially milk fat rate. In response to growing interest in green and healthy functional foods, more and more researchers are exploring the potential of CLA to improve the production performance of animals and the nutritional value of livestock products. Taken together, it is novel and worthwhile to investigate how CLA regulates milk fat synthesis. It is the purpose of this review to clarify the necessity for studying CLA in ruminant milk fat and breast milk fat.

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Transcriptional regulation of milk fat synthesis in dairy cattle

Cited by 17 publications

References 95 publications

KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

KRAS Affects the Lipid Composition by Regulating Mitochondrial Functions and MAPK Activation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Comprehensive analysis of runs of homozygosity and heterozygosity in Holstein cattle on the basis of medium and high density SNP panels and large population sample

Progress of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Milk Fat Metabolism in Ruminants and Humans

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