Transcriptional regulation of osmotic stress tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The current review provides an updated, new insights into the regulation of transcription mediated underlying mechanisms of wheat plants to osmotic stress perturbations. Osmotic stress tolerance mechanisms being complex are governed by multiple factors at physiological, biochemical and at the molecular level, hence approaches like "OMICS" that can underpin mechanisms behind osmotic tolerance in wheat is of paramount importance. The transcription factors (TFs) are a class of molecular proteins, which are involved in regulation, modulation and orchestrating the responses of plants to a variety of environmental stresses. Recent reports have provided novel insights on the role of TFs in osmotic stress tolerance via direct molecular links. However, our knowledge on the regulatory role TFs during osmotic stress tolerance in wheat remains limited. The present review in its first part sheds light on the importance of studying the role of osmotic stress tolerance in wheat plants and second aims to decipher molecular mechanisms of TFs belonging to several classes, including DREB, NAC, MYB, WRKY and bHLH, which have been reported to engage in osmotic stress mediated gene expression in wheat and third part covers the systems biology approaches to understand the transcriptional regulation of osmotic stress and the role of long non-coding RNAs in response to osmotic stress with special emphasis on wheat. The current concept may lead to an understanding in molecular regulation and signalling interaction of TFs under osmotic stress to clarify challenges and problems for devising potential strategies to improve complex regulatory events involved in plant tolerance to osmotic stress adaptive pathways in wheat.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals gene network regulation of TGase-induced thermotolerance in tomato

“…TFs are essential key elements played a predominant role in response to environmental stimuli in plants (Wani et al, 2018;Castelan-Munoz et al, 2019). A total of 425 putative TFs were isolated from our study, and most of them belong to AP2/ERF, bHLH, HSF, MYB and WRKY families, and these findings also supported by the previous studies (Li et al, 2015;Qian et al, 2019).…”

Regulation of antioxidant mechanisms by AtDREB1A improves soil-moisture deficit stress tolerance in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…Plants, therefore, should have mechanisms to counter and minimise the effects of DS and evade the build-up of free oxygen radicals when encounters various stresses [58]. The antioxidant enzymatic detoxification mechanism present in the plants involves different ROS scavenging enzymes, such as CAT, APX, POD and GR, which are part of the antioxidative defence system [6, 14, 59]. The components of the antioxidant defence systems include low-molecular mass molecules that mainly consist of non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g.…”

“…Formation of ROS is considered a threat to any cell as it may cause lipid peroxidation and membrane injury along with damage to the proteins and nucleic acids [6, 71]. These are formed either as a by-product of various metabolic pathways or through the leakage of electrons from the electron transport system [14, 57]. The innate defence system in plants reacts with oxygen to keep the ROS at a lower level.…”

“…Development of transgenic (T) peanut lines using various transcription factors (TFs), which regulate the expression of diverse stress-responsive genes, is an effective method to improve DS tolerance [1, 14]. In this regard, dehydration responsive element binding ( DREB ) (belonging to ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERF) family) has been found to effectively modify the expression of numerous stress-inducible genes, thereby imparting tolerance to DS in peanut [14, 15]. The DREB , upon binding to the DRE/CRT cis -acting elements of promoter regions of several stress-related genes, induces the expression of these genes and thereby imparting increased tolerance to DS [16].…”

Overexpression of AtWRKY30 Transcription Factor Enhances Heat and Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Abiotic stress factors such as heat and drought restrict crop productivity worldwide [1]. Abiotic stresses affect various physiological processes, leading to the over-production of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, thereby inducing oxidative damage [2,3,4,5,6]. Plants adapt through morphological, physiological, and genetic responses to overcome these harmful effects [7,8,9,10].…”