Transcriptional Regulation of the Genes Encoding Chitin and β-1,3-Glucan Synthases from Ustilago maydis

Robledo-Briones, Mariana; Ruíz-Herrera, José

doi:10.1007/s00284-012-0129-0

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Expression of GLS encoding the single β-1,3-glucan synthase of Ustilag o was constitutive during infection by both strains, agreeing with data from in vitro dimorphism or maize infection 38 . In contrast homologs of ROT2 and CWH41 from the pathway of β-1,6-glucans synthesis and N -glycosylation were up-regulated during Arabidopsis infection only in the haploid.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Transcriptomic analysis ofUstilago maydisinfectingArabidopsisreveals important aspects of the fungus pathogenic mechanisms

Martínez‐Soto

Robledo-Briones

Estrada-Luna

et al. 2013

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses of the experimental pathosystem constituted by Ustilago maydis and Arabidopsis thaliana were performed. Haploid or diploid strains of U. maydis inoculated in A. thaliana plantlets grew on the surface and within the plant tissues in the form of mycelium, inducing chlorosis, anthocyanin formation, malformations, necrosis and adventitious roots development, but not teliospores. Symptoms were more severe in plants inoculated with the haploid strain which grew more vigorously than the diploid strain. RNA extracted at different times post-infection was used for hybridization of one-channel microarrays that were analyzed focusing on the fungal genes involved in the general pathogenic process, biogenesis of the fungal cell wall and the secretome. In total, 3,537 and 3,299 genes were differentially expressed in the haploid and diploid strains, respectively. Differentially expressed genes were related to different functional categories and many of them showed a similar regulation occurring in U. maydis infecting maize. Our data suggest that the haploid strain behaves as a necrotrophic pathogen, whereas the diploid behaves as a biotrophic pathogen. The results obtained are evidence of the usefulness of the U. maydis-A. thaliana pathosystem for the analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of U. maydis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Transcriptomic analysis ofUstilago maydisinfectingArabidopsisreveals important aspects of the fungus pathogenic mechanisms

Martínez‐Soto

Robledo-Briones

Estrada-Luna

et al. 2013

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…A similar mechanism is also present in Lentinula edodes [13]–[15]. Nevertheless, the expression of the GLS genes in Ustilago maydis , a fungus causing smut disease on maize, was constitutive during its infection in maize and in response to ionic and osmotic stress [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…RHO activity is regulated by a wall GDP-GTP exchange factor protein [9]. In fungi genomes, FKS and RHO genes are highly conserved and usually have only one or two copies [10], [11]. The information about the transcriptional regulation of GLS has been scant [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Glucan Synthase Gene Overexpression and β-Glucans Overproduction in Pleurotus ostreatus Using Promoter Swapping

et al. 2013

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Mushroom β-glucans are potent immunological stimulators in medicine, but their productivities are very low. In this study, we successfully improved its production by promoter engineering in Pleurotus ostreatus. The promoter for β-1,3-glucan synthase gene (GLS) was replaced by the promoter of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene of Aspergillus nidulans. The homologous recombination fragment for swapping GLS promoter comprised five segments, which were fused by two rounds of combined touchdown PCR and overlap extension PCR (TD-OE PCR), and was introduced into P. ostreatus through PEG/CaCl2-mediated protoplast transformation. The transformants exhibited one to three fold higher transcription of GLS gene and produced 32% to 131% higher yield of β-glucans than the wild type. The polysaccharide yields had a significant positive correlation to the GLS gene expression. The infrared spectra of the polysaccharides all displayed the typical absorption peaks of β-glucans. This is the first report of successful swapping of promoters in filamentous fungi.

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“…Actually, the significant progress in molecular and genetic biology has contributed greatly to the discovery of various genes with high homology to the yeast fks1 gene [36], probably encoding S. cerevisae's catalytic subunit of GLS. In the majority of genomes of fungal origin, fks, as well as rho genes usually exist in one/two copies, and they are highly homologous [70].…”

Section: Molecular Organization Of β-(13)-glucan Synthase Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In S. cerevisiae, the most well-studied microorganism in respect to GLS molecular biology, there are two fks genes, as well as in L. edodes, Auricularia auricula-judae and P. ferulae [10], while in the strains C. albicans, C. neoformans, A. fumigatus, Ustilago maydis, P. ostreatus and P. eryngii, a single gene copy has been found [10,11,38,41,70,71]. According to a recent classification from Yang et al [72], Ascomycetes gls genes are widespread mostly in the subphylum Pezizomycotina, while for Basidiomycetes, gls genes are distributed to four subphyla, with the majority of them belonging to subphylum Agaricomycotina, class Agaricomycetes.…”

Section: Molecular Organization Of β-(13)-glucan Synthase Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fungal β-Glucans

Papaspyridi

Zerva

2018

Catalysts

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Glucans are the dominant polysaccharide constituents of fungal cell walls. Remarkably, these major bioactive polysaccharides account for the beneficial effects that have been observed by many mushrooms of medicinal interest. Accordingly, the prevailing tendency is the use of bioactive mushroom β-glucans mainly in pharmaceutical industries or as food additives, since it seems that they can be involved in meeting the overall growing demand for food in the future, but also in medical and material sectors. β-(1,3)-Glucan synthase (GLS) is the responsible enzyme for the synthesis of these important polysaccharides, which is a member of the glycosyl transferase (GT) family. For optimizing the production of such natural polymers of great interest, the comprehension of the fungal synthetic mechanism, as well as the biochemical and molecular characteristics of the key enzyme GLS and its expression seem to be crucial. Overall, in this review article, the fungal β-glucans biosynthesis by GLS is summarized, while the in vitro synthesis of major polysaccharides is also discussed, catalyzed by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and GTs. Possible future prospects of GLS in medicine and in developing other potential artificial composite materials with industrial applications are also summarized.

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Transcriptional Regulation of the Genes Encoding Chitin and β-1,3-Glucan Synthases from Ustilago maydis

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Transcriptomic analysis ofUstilago maydisinfectingArabidopsisreveals important aspects of the fungus pathogenic mechanisms

Transcriptomic analysis ofUstilago maydisinfectingArabidopsisreveals important aspects of the fungus pathogenic mechanisms

β-Glucan Synthase Gene Overexpression and β-Glucans Overproduction in Pleurotus ostreatus Using Promoter Swapping

Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fungal β-Glucans

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