Transcriptional response machineries of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> conducive to plant growth promotion

Hirooka, Kazutake

doi:10.1080/09168451.2014.943689

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(124 reference statements)

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“…Gram positive Bacillus spp. are a major component of rhizosphere microbial communities [52, 53], and are frequently categorised as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PRPR) [54, 55]; B . subtilis has also been shown effective in controlling Meloidogyne species [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides

et al. 2017

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Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) seriously threaten global food security. Conventionally an integrated approach to PPN management has relied heavily on carbamate, organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now being withdrawn over environmental health and safety concerns. This progressive withdrawal has left a significant shortcoming in our ability to manage these economically important parasites, and highlights the need for novel and robust control methods. Nematodes can assimilate exogenous peptides through retrograde transport along the chemosensory amphid neurons. Peptides can accumulate within cells of the central nerve ring and can elicit physiological effects when released to interact with receptors on adjoining cells. We have profiled bioactive neuropeptides from the neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) family of PPNs as novel nematicides, and have identified numerous discrete NLPs that negatively impact chemosensation, host invasion and stylet thrusting of the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. Transgenic secretion of these peptides from the rhizobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and the terrestrial microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reduce tomato infection levels by up to 90% when compared with controls. These data pave the way for the exploitation of nematode neuropeptides as a novel class of plant protective nematicide, using novel non-food transgenic delivery systems which could be deployed on farmer-preferred cultivars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides

et al. 2017

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“…B. subtilis species have often been isolated from the rhizosphere of various terrestrial plants; many of them have been shown to be plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria whose association with the plant roots enhances the adaptive potential of plants and increases their growth (1). Interestingly, B. subtilis is also a saprophytic bacterium that secretes various degrading enzymes, including those able to hydrolyze the polysaccharides that constitute the plant cell wall, although it does not prey on the living plant cells (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of the rhaEWRBMA Operon Involved in l -Rhamnose Catabolism through Two Transcriptional Factors, RhaR and CcpA, in Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2016

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The Bacillus subtilis rhaEWRBMA (formerly yuxG-yulBCDE) operon consists of four genes encoding enzymes for L-rhamnose catabolism and the rhaR gene encoding a DeoR-type transcriptional regulator. DNase I footprinting analysis showed that the RhaR protein specifically binds to the regulatory region upstream of the rhaEW gene, in which two imperfect direct repeats are included. Gel retardation analysis revealed that the direct repeat farther upstream is essential for the high-affinity binding of RhaR and that the DNA binding of RhaR was effectively inhibited by L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate, an intermediate of L-rhamnose catabolism. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the CcpA/P-Ser-HPr complex, primarily governing the carbon catabolite control in B. subtilis, binds to the catabolite-responsive element, which overlaps the RhaR binding site. In vivo analysis of the rhaEW promoter-lacZ fusion in the background of ccpA deletion showed that the L-rhamnose-responsive induction of the rhaEW promoter was negated by the disruption of rhaA or rhaB but not rhaEW or rhaM, whereas rhaR disruption resulted in constitutive rhaEW promoter activity. These in vitro and in vivo results clearly indicate that RhaR represses the operon by binding to the operator site, which is detached by L-rhamnulose-1-phosphate formed from L-rhamnose through a sequence of isomerization by RhaA and phosphorylation by RhaB, leading to the derepression of the operon. In addition, the lacZ reporter analysis using the strains with or without the ccpA deletion under the background of rhaR disruption supported the involvement of CcpA in the carbon catabolite repression of the operon. IMPORTANCESince L-rhamnose is a component of various plant-derived compounds, it is a potential carbon source for plant-associating bacteria. Moreover, it is suggested that L-rhamnose catabolism plays a significant role in some bacteria-plant interactions, e.g., invasion of plant pathogens and nodulation of rhizobia. Despite the physiological importance of L-rhamnose catabolism for various bacterial species, the transcriptional regulation of the relevant genes has been poorly understood, except for the regulatory system of Escherichia coli. In this study, we show that, in Bacillus subtilis, one of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, the rhaEWRBMA operon for L-rhamnose catabolism is controlled by RhaR and CcpA. This regulatory system can be another standard model for better understanding the regulatory mechanisms of L-rhamnose catabolism in other bacterial species. Bacillus subtilis is a soil-dwelling bacterium that has been extensively and closely studied as a Gram-positive model bacterium. B. subtilis species have often been isolated from the rhizosphere of various terrestrial plants; many of them have been shown to be plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria whose association with the plant roots enhances the adaptive potential of plants and increases their growth (1). Interestingly, B. subtilis is also a saprophytic bacterium that secretes various degrading enzymes, incl...

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“…Table 1: Differentially-expressed proteins identified in the proteomic screen. Comparison between 168 cytosolic crude extracts from 168 Bacillus subtilis strains grown in LB medium with or without stress (ZnO nanoparticles or ZnSO 4 salt stress) ( Figure 2) (1) Spot number pointed out in Figure 2, (2) accession number from UniProKB, (3) protein function described by UniProtKB, (4) molecular weight, (5) pI, (6) number of peptides identified by mass spectrometry (7) percentage of coverage, (8) and (10) average quantification of the spot using Delta2D software from three independent 2-DE gels in the control, (9) and (11) standard deviation of the considering spot growth condition and (9) ratio of the average quantification determined by the Delta 2D analysis: stressed/not stressed.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc oxide induces the stringent response and major reorientations in the central metabolism of Bacillus subtilis

Luche

Eymard-Vernain

Diemer

et al. 2016

Journal of Proteomics

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Microorganisms, such as bacteria, are one of the first targets of nanoparticles in the environment. In this study, we tested the effect of two nanoparticles, ZnO and TiO2, with the salt ZnSO4 as the control, on the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis by 2D gel electrophoresis-based proteomics. Despite a significant effect on viability (LD50), TiO2 NPs had no detectable effect on the proteomic pattern, while ZnO NPs and ZnSO4 significantly modified B. subtilis metabolism. These results allowed us to conclude that the effects of ZnO observed in this work were mainly attributable to Zn dissolution in the culture media. Proteomic analysis highlighted twelve modulated proteins related to central metabolism: MetE and MccB (cysteine metabolism), OdhA, AspB, IolD, AnsB, PdhB and YtsJ (Krebs cycle) and XylA, YqjI, Drm and Tal (pentose phosphate pathway). Biochemical assays, such as free sulfhydryl, CoA-SH and malate dehydrogenase assays corroborated the observed central metabolism reorientation and showed that Zn stress induced oxidative stress, probably as a consequence of thiol chelation stress by Zn ions. The other patterns affected by ZnO and ZnSO4 were the stringent response and the general stress response. Nine proteins involved in or controlled by the stringent response showed a modified expression profile in the presence of ZnO NPs or ZnSO4: YwaC, SigH, YtxH, YtzB, TufA, RplJ, RpsB, PdhB and Mbl. An increase in the ppGpp concentration confirmed the involvement of the stringent response during a Zn stress. All these metabolic reorientations in response to Zn stress were probably the result of complex regulatory mechanisms including at least the stringent response via YwaC.

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Transcriptional response machineries of Bacillus subtilis conducive to plant growth promotion

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides

Nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides

Regulation of the rhaEWRBMA Operon Involved in l -Rhamnose Catabolism through Two Transcriptional Factors, RhaR and CcpA, in Bacillus subtilis

Zinc oxide induces the stringent response and major reorientations in the central metabolism of Bacillus subtilis

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