Transcriptional response of<i>Arabidopsis</i>seedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development

Kwon, Taegun; Sparks, Jeffrey A.; Nakashima, Jin; Allen, Stacy N.; Tang, Yuhong; Blancaflor, Elison B.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1400458

Cited by 103 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Also, the PER inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid drastically represses root hair growth. Both per mutants and salicylhydroxamic acid treatment cause root hairs to burst, possibly because the highly relaxed cell wall at the root hair tip cannot withstand the turgor pressure (Kwon et al, 2015). So far, no per mutants have been reported to have defective polar growth in pollen tubes, probably due to the high degree of genetic redundancy between the 71 encoded apo PER III proteins in Arabidopsis (Francoz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Apo Ros Homeostasis Is Regulated By Plasma Membrane Noxs Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, two PER proteins (PER44 and PER75) were found to be repressed at the transcriptional level under low-gravity conditions. Indeed, the root hairs of the corresponding transfer DNA mutants (per44 and per75) exhibited tip rupturing and other defects under normal growth conditions (Kwon et al, 2015). Also, the PER inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid drastically represses root hair growth.…”

Section: Apo Ros Homeostasis Is Regulated By Plasma Membrane Noxs Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ROS Regulation of Polar Growth in Plant Cells

2016

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ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6332-7738 (J.M.E.).Root hair cells and pollen tubes, like fungal hyphae, possess a typical tip or polar cell expansion with growth limited to the apical dome. Cell expansion needs to be carefully regulated to produce a correct shape and size. Polar cell growth is sustained by oscillatory feedback loops comprising three main components that together play an important role regulating this process. One of the main components are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, together with calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) and pH, sustain polar growth over time. Apoplastic ROS homeostasis controlled by NADPH oxidases as well as by secreted type III peroxidases has a great impact on cell wall properties during cell expansion. Polar growth needs to balance a focused secretion of new materials in an extending but still rigid cell wall in order to contain turgor pressure. In this review, we discuss the gaps in our understanding of how ROS impact on the oscillatory Ca 2+ and pH signatures that, coordinately, allow root hair cells and pollen tubes to expand in a controlled manner to several hundred times their original size toward specific signals.

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Section: Apo Ros Homeostasis Is Regulated By Plasma Membrane Noxs Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Apo Ros Homeostasis Is Regulated By Plasma Membrane Noxs Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS Regulation of Polar Growth in Plant Cells

2016

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“…Some interesting differences in growth were observed (Table 2) [42]. Most space-flight studies in recent years have focused on single genotypes of A. thaliana [15,17,19,43,44]. Comparing results to develop a complete physiological picture is difficult due to the use of multiple ecotypes.…”

Section: The Use Of Diverse Genotypes and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study utilized the BRIC-PDFU system to assess the effects of microgravity on root hair development in Arabidopsis [15]. Seedlings were grown for 2 weeks in the BRIC system on board the space shuttle, followed by transcription profiling comparing spaceflight and ground controls.…”

Section: Importance Of Controls In Space Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space, the final frontier: A critical review of recent experiments performed in microgravity

Vandenbrink

Kiss

2016

Plant Science

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Space biology provides an opportunity to study plant physiology and development in a unique microgravity environment. Recent space studies with plants have provided interesting insights into plant biology, including discovering that plants can grow seed-to-seed in microgravity, as well as identifying novel responses to light. However, spaceflight experiments are not without their challenges, including limited space, limited access, and stressors such as lack of convection and cosmic radiation. Therefore, it is important to design experiments in a way to maximize the scientific return from research conducted on orbiting platforms such as the International Space Station. Here, we provide a critical review of recent spaceflight experiments and suggest ways in which future experiments can be designed to improve the value and applicability of the results generated. These potential improvements include: utilizing in-flight controls to delineate microgravity versus other spaceflight effects, increasing scientific return via next-generation sequencing technologies, and utilizing multiple genotypes to ensure results are not unique to one genetic background. Space experiments have given us new insights into plant biology. However, to move forward, special care should be given to maximize science return in understanding both microgravity itself as well as the combinatorial effects of living in space.

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“…Studies on the effects of a weightless environment on plants at the cellular and molecular levels have focused mainly on understanding the gravitropic response, which is certainly the most apparent alteration observed when plants grow in altered gravity (Kiss et al 1999;Driss-Ecole et al 2000;Boonsirichai et al 2002;Millar et al 2010;Kwon et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and gene expression pattern changes in wrky46 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana under altered gravity conditions

Soh

Srikanth

Whang

et al. 2015

Botany

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Arabidopsis roots are important organs for gravity sensing and gravitropic response. Long-term exposure of Arabidopsis to three-dimensional (3D) clinorotation was found to result in increased expression of WRKY46. In this study, the response of wrky46 mutants, constructed by T-DNA insertion, to simulated microgravity and gravistimulation by reorientation was studied. Microgravity conditions were simulated using a 3D clinostat, which simulates weightlessness. Morphological changes, such as root coiling, waving, and multidirectional growth patterns, were observed in the wild type (WT) seedlings after only 4 days of 3D clinorotation treatment, while in the wrky46 mutant seedlings, the changes observed were minimal compared with those of WT seedlings. Polar auxin transport played an important role in the observed morphological changes. Therefore, expression of the polar auxin transport genes AUX1, PIN2, -3, -4, and -7, and ARG1 was analyzed. Their expression was found to be higher in wrky46 seedlings than in WT seedlings under 3D clinorotation. Gravistimulation by reorientation was achieved by horizontally reorienting the seedlings. Root tip bending to 90°was observed in all WT seedlings within 18-20 h, whereas in mutant seedlings, bending of the root tip to a right angle took more than 20 h. AXR expression is known to directly correlate with root tip bending. The expression of AXR1, -2, -3, -4 was found to be higher in WT seedlings relative to mutant seedlings under gravistimulation by reorientation. However, their expression was relatively low in both WT and wrky46 plants under 3D clinorotation. These results suggest that WRKY46 plays an important role in the root gravitropic response, and in the reduction of polar auxin transport that is necessary for decreasing the effect of gravity due to clinorotation. Résumé :Les racines d'Arabidopsis sont des organes importants pour la détection de la gravité et la réponse géotropique. Une exposition à long terme d'Arabidopsis à une clinorotation en 3D s'est avérée résulter en une augmentation de l'expression de WKRY46. Dans cette étude, la réponse de mutants wkry46, construits au moyen d'une insertion par un ADN-T, à une microgravité simulée et à une gravistimulation par réorientation a été étudiée. Les conditions de microgravité ont été simulées à l'aide d'un clinostat qui simule l'apesanteur. Des changements morphologiques comme l'enracinement en vrille, l'ondulation et les patrons de croissance multidirectionnelle ont été observés chez les pousses sauvages après seulement 4 jours de traitement en clinorotation en 3D, alors que chez les pousses des mutants wrky46, les changements observés étaient minimes comparativement aux pousses sauvages. Le transport polaire de l'auxine jouait un rôle important dans les changements morphologiques observés. Ainsi, l'expression des gènes de transport de l'auxine AUX1, PIN2, -3, -4 et -7, et ARG1 a été analysée. Leur expression s'est révélée plus élevée chez les pousses wrky46 que chez les pousses sauvages soumises à la clinorotation en 3...

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Transcriptional response ofArabidopsisseedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development

Cited by 103 publications

References 66 publications

ROS Regulation of Polar Growth in Plant Cells

ROS Regulation of Polar Growth in Plant Cells

Space, the final frontier: A critical review of recent experiments performed in microgravity

Morphological and gene expression pattern changes in wrky46 mutant Arabidopsis thaliana under altered gravity conditions

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