Transcriptome Analysis and Autophagy Investigation of LoVo Cells Stimulated with Exosomes Derived from T. asiatica Adult Worms

Abstract

Taenia asiatica is a zoonotic parasite found in the human intestine and pig liver that evolved various strategies to survive the host’s defenses. Exosomes are membranous vesicles released by cells and are an important vehicle in parasite-host interactions. However, no literature exists on the specific infection mechanisms of T. asiatica against the host defense response, and further research is required to understand the parasite-host interaction. In this study, we investigated the host’s differentially expressed genes (DEGs) while stimulating them with exosomes derived from the T. asiatica adult worm (Tas-exo) on LoVo by RNA-seq analysis. Our results identified 348 genes as being significantly differentially expressed for the Tas-exo group when comparing with that of the NC group. Some of these genes are related to modulation of cell proliferation and cell autophagy. Surprisingly, autophagy and cell proliferation have crucial roles in the defense against parasites; accordingly, we detected cell proliferation and autophagy in LoVo cells by CCK8, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting, demonstrating that Tas-exo could inhibit LoVo cell proliferation and autophagy via AMPK pathway. When P62 and p-mTOR/mTOR expression were significantly increased, BeclinI and pAMPK/AMPK were significantly decreased. These results expand our understanding of parasite-host interactions mediated by exosomes.

Effects of exosomes derived from Trichinella spiralis infective larvae on intestinal epithelial barrier function

“…In this study, IPEC-J2 cells were treated with different concentrations of Ts Exos for different durations, and the results showed that cell proliferation was decreased following the increase in concentration and time, but there was no difference in cell viability at 48 h. Finally, we selected 150 µg/mL Ts Exos as the working concentration for subsequent experiments and cocultured Ts Exos with cells for 12 or 24 h, reducing the rate of cell proliferation by 30%. Liang et al [ 27 ] showed that the viability of Levo cells was significantly reduced after 48 h of stimulation with 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL exosomes derived from T. asiatica adult worms, which was consistent with the concentration of Ts Exos in our study, but the induction time was different.…”

Advances in microRNA from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome: focusing on wound healing

“…Exos are released into the extracellular environment after the multivesicular body fuses with the plasma membrane and can be taken up by target cells residing in the microenvironment or carried away by biological fluids. 87,88 Since miRNAs are highly vulnerable to nucleases, there are already nanoparticle platforms that allow for intracellular delivery and protection with minimal toxicity, such as liposomes, polyethylamine particles, adenoviruses, gold nanoparticle nuclear conjugations, and so on. 89,90 As ''naturally acclimated'' endogenous nanocarriers, Exos have low immunogenicity and high safety characteristics, enabling them to maintain the biological activity of their inclusions in vivo.…”

Cysticercus pisiformis-derived novel-miR1 targets TLR2 to inhibit the immune response in rabbits

“…Exosomes derived from T. spiralis impact the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization ( 13 ). Similarly, Taenia asiatica exosomes inhibit LoVo cell proliferation and autophagy via the Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway ( 14 ). Notably, miRNAs are essential cargo within exosomes and are the key functional units ( 15 , 16 ).…”