Transcriptome Analysis of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelia from Different Wood Substrates

Abstract

Antrodia cinnamomea , an edible and medicinal fungus with significant economic value and application prospects, is rich in terpenoids, benzenoids, lignans, polysaccharides, and benzoquinone, succinic and maleic derivatives. In this study, the transcriptome of A. cinnamomea cultured on the wood substrates of Cinnamomum glanduliferum (YZM), C. camphora (XZM), and C. kanehirae (NZM) was sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing technology Illumina HiSeq 2000, and the data were assembled by de novo strategy to obtain 78,729 Unigenes with an N50 of 4,463 bp. Compared with public databases, about 11,435, 6,947, and 5,994 Unigenes were annotated to the Non-Redundant (NR), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG), respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the mycelium terpene biosynthesis-related genes in A. cinnamomea revealed that the expression of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MVD), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) was significantly higher on NZM compared to the other two wood substrates. Similarly, the expression of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) was significantly higher on YZM compared to NZM and XZM, and the expression of farnesyl transferase (FTase) was significantly higher on XZM. Furthermore, the expressions of 2,3-oxidized squalene cyclase (OCS), squalene synthase (SQS), and squalene epoxidase (SE) were significantly higher on NZM. Overall, this study provides a potential approach to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea .

Triterpenoids from Cyclocarya paliurus: Structure, biosynthesis, biological activities

“…Triterpenoids derive from the triterpenoid skeleton, which is produced by multiple cyclization, rearrangement, and degradation reactions involving complex chemical intermediates. Two precursors, namely, squalene and oxidized squalene, produced the triterpenoid skeleton [46] . Further glycosylation of plant triterpenoid aglycones on hydroxyl or carboxyl groups is catalyzed by UGTs.…”

Current and further outlook on the protective potential of Antrodia camphorata against neurological disorders

“…Naturally, the growth of AC is extremely slow and parasitic on the inner wall of a unique and native tree in Taiwan called Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata on the mountain ranges between 450 to 1200 m higher ( Li et al, 2022 ; Su et al, 2022 ). AC was first identified in 1990, and was recognized and used as highly beneficial Chinese folk medicine ( Chen et al, 2023 ). As a fungus, AC belongs to the phylum Basidiomycota, the Fomitopsidaceae family, and the Antrodia genus ( Li et al, 2023 ).…”