Transcriptome analysis of Leucojum aestivum and identification of genes involved in norbelladine biosynthesis

Biotechnological Approaches to Optimize the Production of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids

“…TYDC was characterized from Lycoris radiata, a galanthamine producing Amaryllidaceae plant [81]. The functional characterization of PAL and C4H in L. radiata was reported using heterologous expression in bacteria [77]. Despite having a remarkable diversity in structure and biological activity, all AAs are derived from a common intermediate, norbelladine.…”

“…The condensation of tyramine and 3,4-DHBA yields norbelladine and was shown to be catalyzed either by norbelladine synthase (NBS) or by noroxomaritidine/norcraugsodine reductase (NR), in both cases with low yield [77,82]. NBS was characterized from N. pseudonarcisus king Alfred and L. aestivum [77]. GFP-tagged LaNBS and CFP-tagged NR showed that both enzymes are localized to the cytosol, which suggests that the first committed step of AA biosynthesis probably occurs in the cytosol [77,83].…”

“…After the proposition of the biosynthetic route of different intermediates, several biosynthetic enzymes were predicted based on the nature of the biochemical reaction and by homology with enzymes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis of other plant families. Databases generated from transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of different species of Amaryllidaceae support the presence of different enzyme families involved in AAs pathway [ 45 , 54 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”

“…TYDC was characterized from Lycoris radiata, a galanthamine producing Amaryllidaceae plant [ 82 ]. The functional characterization of PAL and C4H in L. radiata was reported using heterologous expression in bacteria [ 77 ].…”

“…Despite having a remarkable diversity in structure and biological activity, all AAs are derived from a common intermediate, norbelladine. The condensation of tyramine and 3,4-DHBA yields norbelladine and was shown to be catalyzed either by norbelladine synthase (NBS) or by noroxomaritidine/norcraugsodine reductase (NR), in both cases with low yield [ 77 , 83 ]. NBS was characterized from N. pseudonarcisus king Alfred and L. aestivum [ 77 ].…”