Transcriptome analysis of rainbow trout infected with high and low virulence strains of Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

The Role of Virulence in In Vivo Superinfection Fitness of the Vertebrate RNA Virus Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus

“…Therefore, it is possible that biologically relevant, local induction of Mx-1 occurs earlier in these tissues but is not yet detectable by our methods until a strong systemic response has been elicited. Additionally, many interferon-induced genes other than Mx-1 are upregulated in response to IHNV infection and may play a role in defense against secondary infection (44,46,47,52,53). Ultimately, the mechanism underlying superinfection restriction in our system is of great interest, and future work will be directed at identifying and characterizing the mechanism(s) in rainbow trout.…”

“…As a preliminary investigation into the mechanism of the observed superinfection restriction, we performed single infections with either genotype B or genotype C and measured both viral load and Mx-1 gene expression in five individual whole fish at each time point corresponding to the timing of secondary exposures (13,24,48,96, and 168 h). As an alpha interferon-stimulated gene, Mx-1 gene expression is known to be induced, along with many other interferon-stimulated genes, as part of a strong innate immune response following IHNV infection in rainbow trout (44,46,47). Mean viral loads of fish infected with either genotype B or genotype C sampled at points up to 7 days postinfection are shown in Fig.…”

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida

“…The transcriptome profiling of the gills in two rainbow trout strains provided insights into their distinct immune responses to A. salmonicida [11]. Multiple transcriptome analysis has been performed in rainbow trout in response to other pathogens or pathogenesis-related proteins, such as infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) [12], Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa) [13] and non-virion (NV) protein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) [14]. Although, transcriptome analysis has provided a new gateway for identifying levels of gene expression and new transcripts and has thus become a powerful tool for species that lack reference genome information, a comparison of mRNA expression levels, protein amounts, and enzymatic activities has revealed low correlations between metabolome and transcriptome, indicating that transcriptome analysis is insufficient to understand protein dynamics or biochemical regulation [15,16].…”

Contrasted Innate Responses to Two Viruses in Zebrafish: Insights into the Ancestral Repertoire of Vertebrate IFN-Stimulated Genes

“…To target the largest number of ISGs, these analyses were often performed with lymphoid tissues (i.e., spleen or kidney), thus revealing transcriptome modifications, which reflect mixed innate and adaptive responses in complex cellular contexts. Additionally, other studies have compared different states of transcriptome modulation between different conditions: Purcell et al (17) studied the impact of infection with high and low virulence IHNV on kidney cells, whereas Martin et al (18) compared the response of the salmon macrophage-like cell line SHK-1 to IFN type I (aka IFN-w) and type II in one of the first comprehensive microarray-based ISG screenings in fish (18).…”