Transcriptome and metabolome reveal redirection of flavonoids in a white testa peanut mutant

Abstract

Background: Coat color determines both appearance and nutrient quality of peanut. White seed coat in peanut can enhance the processing efficiency and quality of peanut oil. An integrative analysis of transcriptomes, metabolomes and histocytology was performed on wsc mutant and its wild type to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying color pigmentation.Result: Metabolomes revealed flavonoids were redirected in wsc, while multi-omics analyses of wsc mutant seeds and testae uncovered WSC influenced the flavonoids biosynthesis in testa as well as suberin formation, glycolysis, the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. The mutation also enhanced plant hormones synthesis and signaling. Further, co-expression analysis showed that FLS genes co-expressed with MBW complex member genes. Combining tissue expression patterns, genetic analyses, and the annotation of common DEGs for these three stages revealed that three testa specific expressed candidate genes, Araip.M7RY3, Aradu.R8PMF and Araip.MHR6K were likely responsible for the white testa phenotype. WSC might be regulated expression competition between FLS and DFR by controlling hormone synthesis and signaling as well as the MBW complex. Conclusions:The results of this study therefore provide both candidate genes and novel approaches that can be applied to improve peanut with desirable seed coat color and flavonoid quality.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insights into the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acids in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz

“…The above results show that in Ft, the particle flow does not stay at the CGAs stage but is synthesized downstream at a high rate. Similar results have also been reported in ginkgo and peanut species [ 46 , 47 ]. An organism is complex.…”

Molecular and Metabolic Insights into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Leaf Color Change in Chokecherry (Padus virginiana)

“…Among them, the expressions of DEGs encoding CHS , CHI , F3H , DFR and ANS were higher in PRL than in GL, which may result in higher anthocyanidin during the purple-red leaf stage. ANS genes play essential roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis, because they directly convert leucoanthocyanidins into colored anthocyanidins [ 30 ]. The lack of ANS and DFR activity results in the loss of pigmentation [ 14 ].…”

Differential Regulation of Anthocyanins in Cerasus humilis Fruit Color Revealed by Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis

“…The genes in the pathway of anthocyanin metabolism are relatively conservative in different plants; for instance, for genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in C. humilis fruit peel, 23 transcripts encoding 11 enzymes were isolated. Three of the 11 were phenylalanine synthesis genes, including PAL, C4H and 4CL; six were flavonoid synthase genes, including CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, DFR, and ANS; one was a proanthocyanidin synthase gene, LAR; and one was an anthocyanin synthase gene, UFGT [36,38,52]. In our studies, the expression analysis of early genes showed that the expression of F3H in YF was higher than that in RF (Figure 8), suggesting that a large amount of dihydrokaempferol could be produced in YF, but this could not eventually outflow into anthocyanin synthase.…”

“…Additionally, metabolomics analysis could be regarded as a technical means of association analysis, together with other data, to analyze the function of genes involved in the metabolic pathway of interest and also provide powerful supporting information for gene mining [33][34][35]. In recent years, combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses in fruits have clarified the relationship between contents of various secondary metabolites and corresponding differentially expressed genes, broadening our horizons of plant color regulation [36][37][38]. Until now, C. humilis has been seen as a resistant ornamental plant.…”