Transcriptome-Based Identification and Molecular Evolution of the Cytochrome P450 Genes and Expression Profiling under Dimethoate Treatment in Amur Stickleback (Pungitius sinensis)

Abstract

Simple SummaryCytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a family of membrane-bound monooxygenase proteins. In this study, 58 CYP genes were identified in Amur stickleback (Pungitius sinensis). Motif distribution, recombination, and selection were performed to investigate their evolutionary history. In addition, expression profiles of CYPs were examined following dimethoate treatment. The results will provide a useful reference for further functional analyses.AbstractCytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a family of membrane-bound mono-oxygenase proteins, which are involved in cell metabolism and detoxification of various xenobiotic substances. In this study, we identified 58 putative CYP genes in Amur stickleback (Pungitius sinensis) based on the transcriptome sequencing. Conserved motif distribution suggested their functional relevance within each group. Some present recombination events have accelerated the evolution of this gene family. Moreover, a few positive selection sites were identified, which may have accelerated the functional divergence of this family of proteins. Expression patterns of these CYP genes were investigated and indicated that most were affected by dimethoate treatment, suggesting that CYPs were involved in the detoxication of dimethoate. This study will provide a foundation for the further functional investigation of CYP genes in fishes.

Functional Divergence of the N-Lobe and C-Lobe of Transferrin Gene in Pungitius sinensis (Amur Stickleback)

“…A 2037-bp open reading frame was obtained from our transcriptome sequencing data of Amur stickleback [ 45 ], which encodes a TF protein with 679 amino acid residues. This TF transcript of Amur stickleback, similar to the zebrafish transferrin-a gene, has high homology with the mammalian serum transferrin.…”

“…To identify potential TF proteins in the 45 fish species, the TF protein sequence of Amur stickleback identified by our previous transcriptome sequencing data [ 45 ] was used to BLAST the Ensembl database ( , accessed on 8 June 2021) [ 46 ] with cutoff E-value of 1 × 10 −1 . For each species, the candidate with the highest homology with the Amur stickleback TF protein was selected for subsequent analysis ( Supplementary Data S2 ).…”

Molecular Evolution and Characterization of Fish Stathmin Genes

“…Four species of fish (zebrafish, fugu, stickleback, and medaka) were obtained from aquaculture farms. After 2 days of adaptation at 22–23 °C, the fish in the experimental group were treated with dimethoate (2.1 mg/L) for 24 h [ 37 ]. Meanwhile, the fish in the mock group were still kept in fresh water.…”