Transcriptome of Epibiont Saccharibacteria
            <i>Nanosynbacter lyticus</i>
            Strain TM7x During the Establishment of Symbiosis

Hendrickson, Erik L.; Bor, Batbileg; Kerns, Kristopher A.; Lamont, Eleanor I.; Chang, Yifan; Liu, Jun; Cen, Lujia; Schulte, Fabian; Hardt, Markus; Shi, Wenyuan; He, Xuesong; McLean, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1128/jb.00112-22

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…low nitrogen availability) [ 42 ]. Previous studies [ 15 , 17 ] indicated that the symbiosis with XH001 allows TM7x to propagate but often presents a burden to host bacteria by inducing stress response, particularly in the stable symbiosis state. We wondered whether the formation of LDs observed through fluorescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy was due to stress-induced host response.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 ). Rod-shaped host cells XH001 become irregular in the XH001/TM7x coculture, which might be related to the lower expression of chromosomal partitioning genes [ 17 ]. Laurdan quantification indicated that the cell membrane fluidity or lipid packing of host cells XH001 was drastically affected due to the association with TM7x: from highly ordered to randomly distributed ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study demonstrated that, through a complete arginine deiminase system, an arginine catabolism pathway acquired during its environment-to-mammal niche transition, TM7x can catabolize arginine, produce adenosine triphosphate and ammonia, then confers a beneficial effect toward its host cells XH001, especially in the low-pH environment [ 14 ]. A comprehensive transcriptome study from TM7x and XH001 provides mechanistic insights into this episymbiotic lifestyle in the level of gene expression [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria induce intracellular lipid droplet production in their host bacteria

Dong,

Tian,

Kobayashi-Kirschvink

et al. 2024

The ISME Journal

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Saccharibacteria (formerly TM7) are a group of widespread and genetically diverse ultrasmall bacteria with highly reduced genomes that belong to Candidate Phyla Radiation, a large monophyletic lineage with poorly understood biology. Nanosynbacter lyticus type strain TM7x is the first Saccharibacteria member isolated from the human oral microbiome. With restrained metabolic capacities, TM7x lives on the surface of, and forms an obligate episymbiotic relationship with its bacterial host, Schaalia odontolytica strain XH001. The symbiosis allows TM7x to propagate but presents a burden to host bacteria by inducing stress response. Here, we employed super-resolution fluorescence imaging to investigate the physical association between TM7x and XH001. We showed that the binding with TM7x led to a substantial alteration in the membrane fluidity of XH001. We also revealed the formation of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) in XH001 when forming episymbiosis with TM7x, a feature that has not been reported in oral bacteria. The TM7x-induced LDs accumulation in XH001 was confirmed by label-free Raman spectroscopy, which also unveiled additional phenotypical features when XH001 cells are physically associated with TM7x. Further exploration through culturing XH001 under various stress conditions showed that LDs accumulation was a general response to stress. A survival assay demonstrated that the presence of LDs plays a protective role in XH001, enhancing its survival under adverse conditions. In conclusion, our study sheds new light on the intricate interaction between Saccharibacteria and their host bacterium, highlighting the potential benefit conferred by TM7x to its host, and further emphasizing the context-dependent nature of symbiotic relationships.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria induce intracellular lipid droplet production in their host bacteria

Dong,

Tian,

Kobayashi-Kirschvink

et al. 2024

The ISME Journal

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“…Here, through super-resolution fluorescence imaging, the morphology of co-culture XH001/TM7x was clearly discernible with around 120-nm lateral resolution under BODIPY staining ( Figure 1 ). Rod-shaped host cells XH001 become irregular shapes in the co-culture XH001/TM7x, which might be related to the lower expression of chromosomal partitioning genes (Hendrickson et al 2022). Laurdan quantification indicated that the cell membrane fluidity or lipid packing of host cells XH001 was drastically affected due to the association with TM7x: from highly ordered to randomly distributed ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episymbiotic bacterium induces intracellular lipid droplet production in its host bacteria

Dong,

Tian,

Kobayashi-Kirschvink

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Saccharibacteria (formerly TM7) Nanosynbacter lyticus type strain TM7x exhibits a remarkably compact genome and an extraordinarily small cell size. This obligate epibiotic parasite forms a symbiotic relationship with its bacterial host, Schaalia odontolytica, strain XH001 (formerly Actinomyces odontolyticus strain XH001). Due to its limited genome size, TM7x possesses restrained metabolic capacities, predominantly living on the surface of its bacterial host to sustain this symbiotic lifestyle. To comprehend this intriguing, yet understudied interspecies interaction, a thorough understanding of the physical interaction between TM7x and XH001 is imperative. In this study, we employed super-resolution fluorescence imaging to investigate the physical association between TM7x and XH001. We found that the binding with TM7x led to a substantial alteration in the membrane fluidity of the host bacterium XH001. Unexpectedly, we revealed the formation of intracellular lipid droplets in XH001 when forming episymbiosis with TM7x, a feature not commonly observed in oral bacteria cells. The TM7x-induced LD accumulation in XH001 was further confirmed by label-free non-invasive Raman spectroscopy, which also unveiled additional phenotypical features when XH001 cells are physically associated with TM7x. Further exploration through culturing host bacterium XH001 alone under various stress conditions showed that LD accumulation was a general response to stress. Intriguingly, a survival assay demonstrated that the presence of LDs likely plays a protective role in XH001, enhancing its overall survival under adverse conditions. In conclusion, our study sheds new light on the intricate interaction between Saccharibacteria and its host bacterium, highlighting the potential benefit conferred by TM7x to its host, and further emphasizing the context-dependent nature of symbiotic relationships.

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“…will greatly facilitate the cultivation of CPR organisms from diverse environments for comprehensive study under well-controlled laboratory conditions. Meanwhile, high-resolution imaging techniques, such as electron microscopy and real-time live cell imaging ( 6 ), combined with bioinformatics-based metabolic network analysis ( 18 ) and multiomics studies ( 19 , 20 ) will help shed light on the intricate symbiotic relationship between CPR and their hosts. More effort should be made to develop genetic tools that can be applied to CPR for a detailed mechanistic understanding of their unique biology at the gene level ( Fig.…”

Section: High-resolution Live Cell Imaging Reveals T4p-mediated Symbi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-based approaches to studying “microbial dark matter”

2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Transcriptome of Epibiont Saccharibacteria Nanosynbacter lyticus Strain TM7x During the Establishment of Symbiosis

Abstract: Nanosynbacter lyticus type strain TM7x is the first cultivated member of the Saccharibacteria and the candidate phyla radiation (CPR). It was discovered to be ultrasmall in cell size with a highly reduced genome that establishes an obligate epibiotic relationship with its host bacterium.

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria induce intracellular lipid droplet production in their host bacteria

Episymbiotic Saccharibacteria induce intracellular lipid droplet production in their host bacteria

Episymbiotic bacterium induces intracellular lipid droplet production in its host bacteria

Culture-based approaches to studying “microbial dark matter”

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