Transcriptome of the Female Synganglion of the Black-Legged Tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) with Comparison between Illumina and 454 Systems

Egekwu, Noble I.; Sonenshine, Daniel E.; Bissinger, Brooke W.; Roe, R. Michael

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102667

Cited by 46 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Though I. scapularis transcriptome analysis predicted the presence of a number of neuropeptides (Egekwu et al 2014), these proteins were not directly detected, with the exception of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (pericardial organ-type) precursor. It is likely that other neuropeptides were expressed but fell below the detection limit of our proteomic analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype

et al. 2015

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The Ixodes scapularis embryo-derived cell line ISE6 is the most widely utilized tick-derived cell line due to its susceptibility to a wide variety of tick- and non-tick-vectored pathogens. Little is known about its tissue origin or biological background. Protein expression of ISE6 cells was compared with that of another Ixodes scapularis-derived cell line, IDE12, and dissected tick synganglia. Results demonstrated the presence of a neuronal marker protein, type 3 β-tubulin, in all three samples, as well as other shared and unique neuronal and immune response-associated proteins. Of neuronal proteins shared between the two cell lines, ISE6 expressed several in significantly greater quantities than IDE12. Stimulation of ISE6 cells by in vivo exposure to the hemocoel environment in unfed larval and molting nymphal ticks, but not unfed nymphal ticks, resulted in the development of neuron-like morphologic characteristics in the implanted cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype

et al. 2015

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“…The study characterized several novel tar-gets from an acaricide target perspective: two glutamate-gated chloride channels, a leucokinin receptor, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and a chitinase. The synganglion transcriptome from Ixodes scapularis female adult ticks was recently sequenced and annotated (Egekwu et al, 2014). Several transcripts were annotated as encoding neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors, and neurotransmitter receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of G protein-coupled receptor encoding sequences from the synganglion transcriptome of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus

Guerrero

Kellogg

Ogrey

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is a pest which causes multiple health complications in cattle. The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) super-family presents a candidate target for developing novel tick control methods. However, GPCRs share limited sequence similarity among orthologous family members, and there is no reference genome available for R. microplus. This limits the effectiveness of alignment-dependent methods such as BLAST and Pfam for identifying GPCRs from R. microplus. However, GPCRs share a common structure consisting of seven transmembrane helices. We present an analysis of the R. microplus synganglion transcriptome using a combination of structurally-based and alignment-free methods which supplement the identification of GPCRs by sequence similarity. TMHMM predicts the number of transmembrane helices in a protein sequence. GPCRpred is a support vector machine-based method developed to predict and classify GPCRs using the dipeptide composition of a query aminoacid sequence. These two bioinformatic tools were applied to our transcriptome assembly of the cattle tick synganglion. Together, BLAST and Pfam identified 85 unique contigs as encoding partial or full length candidate cattle tick GPCRs. Collectively, TMHMM and GPCRpred identified 27 additional GPCR candidates that BLAST and Pfam missed. This demonstrates that the addition of structurally-based and alignment-free bioinformatic approaches to transcriptome annotation and analysis produces a greater collection of prospective GPCRs than an analysis based solely upon methodologies dependent upon sequence alignment and similarity.

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“…scapularis is from Egekwu et al . () and is included here in accordance with the open access policy of the Public Library of Science.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egekwu et al . () reported transcripts for mRNA encoding for 15 neuropeptides and/or transporters [(allatostatin, allatotropin, bursicon α, corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), CRF‐binding protein, eclosion hormone (EH), FMRFamide, glycoprotein A, insulin‐like peptide, ion transport peptide, myoinhibitory peptide (MIP), inotocin (= neurophysin‐oxytocin), neuropeptide F, sulphakinin (SFK) and SIFamide)] and 14 neuropeptide receptors [allatostatin, calcitonin, cardioacceleratory peptide, corazonin, CRF, EH, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GRH)/adipokinetic hormone (AKH)‐like, insulin‐like peptide, neuropeptide F, proctolin, pyrokinin, SIFamide, SFK and tachykinin (TK)] in the transcriptome of the synganglion of feeding female I . scapularis .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of synganglion neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors and neurotransmitter receptors and their gene expression in response to feeding in Ixodes scapularis (Ixodidae) vs. Ornithodoros turicata (Argasidae)

Egekwu

Sonenshine

Garman

et al. 2016

Insect Molecular Biology

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Illumina GAII high-throughput sequencing was used to compare expressed genes for female synganglion neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors and neurotransmitter receptors of the soft tick Ornithodoros turicata with the hard tick Ixodes scapularis. Gene ontology molecular level three mapping revealed no significant differences amongst the same categories represented in O. turicata and I. scapularis. Transcripts predicting 22 neuropeptides or their receptors in the O. turicata synganglion were similar to annotations for 23 neuropeptides or receptors previously identified from I scapularis, with minor exceptions. A transcript predicting ecdysis triggering hormone receptor was identified in O. turicata; transcripts encoding for proprotein convertase and glycoprotein B were identified in both species. Transcripts predicting the same neurotransmitter receptors were found in the synganglion of both species. Gene expression of the transcripts showed numerous differences in response to feeding. Major differences were observed in expression of genes believed important in regulating slow vs. rapid feeding, blood water elimination, cuticle synthesis plasticity and in signalling reproductive activity. Although the glutamate receptor was strongly upregulated in both species, the gamma aminobutyric acid receptor, which inhibits glutamate, was upregulated significantly only in I. scapularis. These differences are consistent with the slow vs. rapid action of the pharyngeal pump in the two species.

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Transcriptome of the Female Synganglion of the Black-Legged Tick Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) with Comparison between Illumina and 454 Systems

Cited by 46 publications

References 65 publications

An Ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype

An Ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype

Prediction of G protein-coupled receptor encoding sequences from the synganglion transcriptome of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus

Comparison of synganglion neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors and neurotransmitter receptors and their gene expression in response to feeding in Ixodes scapularis (Ixodidae) vs. Ornithodoros turicata (Argasidae)

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