Transcriptome Profiling and Differential Gene Expression in Canine Microdissected Anagen and Telogen Hair Follicles and Interfollicular Epidermis

Wiener, Dominique J; Groch, Kátia R.; Brunner, Magdalena A. T.; Leeb, Tosso; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Welle, Monika Maria

doi:10.3390/genes11080884

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Aside from a potential function in immunity, there is an emerging specific link between Lyg2 activity and hair development. Indeed, Lyg2 expression has been recorded in anagen hair follicles ( Wiener et al 2020 ) and may act via the Wnt signaling pathway ( Wang et al 2019 ). Such a role for g-type lysozyme would explain why Lyg2 gene became obsolete in taxa that have lost their body hair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two mammalian g-type lysozymes have been shown different expression patterns, with the Lyg1 widely expressed across different organs, and associated with tumor-related immune responses in humans ( Liu et al 2017 ). On the other hand, Lyg2 is highly expressed in the skin ( Irwin 2014 ) and appears related to hair follicle development ( Wang et al 2019 ; Wiener et al 2020 ) and antibacterial immunity ( Huang et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parallel Independent Losses of G-Type Lysozyme Genes in Hairless Aquatic Mammals

Zhang

Chi

et al. 2021

Genome Biology and Evolution

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Lysozyme enzymes provide classic examples of molecular adaptation and parallel evolution, however, nearly all insights to date come from c-type lysozymes. G-type lysozymes occur in diverse vertebrates, with multiple independent duplications reported. Most mammals possess two g-type lysozyme genes (Lyg1 and Lyg2), the result of an early duplication, although some lineages are known to have subsequently lost one copy. Here we examine g-type lysozyme evolution across > 250 mammals, and reveal widespread losses of either Lyg1 or Lyg2 in several divergent taxa across the mammal tree of life. At the same time, we report strong evidence of extensive losses of both gene copies in cetaceans and sirenians, with an additional putative case of parallel loss in the tarsier. To validate these findings, we inspected published short-read data and confirmed the presence of loss of function mutations. Despite these losses, comparisons of selection pressures between intact g- and c-type lysozyme genes showed stronger purifying selection in the former, indicative of conserved function. Although the reasons for the evolutionary loss of g-type lysozymes in fully aquatic mammals is not known, we suggest that this is likely to at least partially relate to their hairlessness. Indeed, while Lyg1 does not show tissue-specific expression, recent studies have linked Lyg2 expression to anagen hair follicle development and hair loss. Such a role for g-type lysozyme would explain why the Lyg2 gene became obsolete when these taxa lost their body hair.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Independent Losses of G-Type Lysozyme Genes in Hairless Aquatic Mammals

Zhang

Chi

et al. 2021

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…Similarly, they analyzed CSTA and KRT77 gene having fold change values of 4.63 and 3.46 respectively that helps in keratinocyte differentiation. A recent analysis on differential expression in Canine anagen, telogen HFs and interfollicular epidermis (IFE) [13] presented that hair follicle associated structural genes (TCHH, KRT25) have high expression levels 3,997.42 and 10,456.27 during anagen phase. Similarly, KRT1, KRT5, KRT10, KRT14 and LOR are epidermal structure-associated genes and have high TPM counts (21,712.07, 12,733.06, 33,847.68, 29,472.32 and 7229.10) in IFE samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transcripts were considered significant that have p value at most 0.001 and log2 fold-change (log2FC) of 2. Heatmap and correlation graph were also generated [13].…”

Section: Gene Expression Profiling and Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Pashmina Goat Produces Long Hair-fiber and Barbari doesn’t: A Differential Gene Expression Study

Saif¹,

Mahmood²,

Ejaz³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The Pashmina and Barbari are two famous goat breeds found in the wide areas of the Indo-Pak region. Pashmina is famous for its long hair-fiber (Cashmere) production while Barbari is not-selected for this trait. So, the mRNA expression profiling in the skin samples of both breeds would be an attractive and judicious approach for detecting putative genes involved in this valued trait. Here, we performed differential gene expression analysis on publicly available RNA-Seq data from both breeds. Out of 44,617,994 filtered reads of Pashmina and 55,995,999 of Barbari which are 76.48% and 73.69% mapped to the ARS1 reference transcriptome assembly respectively. A pairwise comparison of both breeds resulted in 47,159 normalized expressed transcripts while 8,414 transcripts are differentially expressed above the significant threshold. Among these, 4,788 are upregulated in Pashmina while 3,626 transcripts are upregulated in Barbari. Fifty-nine transcripts harbor 57 genes including 32 LOC genes and 24 are annotated genes which were selected on the basis of TMM counts > 500. Genes with ectopic expressions other than uncharacterized and LOC symbol genes are Keratins (KRT) and Keratin Associated Proteins (KRTAPs), CystatinA&6, TCHH, SPRR4, PPIA, SLC25A4, S100A11, DMKN, LOR, ANXA2, PRR9 and SFN. All of these genes are likely to be involved in keratinocyte differentiation, sulfur matrix proteins, dermal papilla cells, hair follicles proliferation, hair curvature, wool fiber diameter, hair transition, hair shaft differentiation and its keratinization. These differentially expressed reported genes are critically valuable for enhancing the quality and quantity of the pashmina fiber and overall breed improvement. This study will also provide important information on hair follicle differentiation for further enrichment analyses and introducing this valued trait to other goat breeds as well.

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“…DSG4 has been identified as the fourth and last member of the desmoglein family (Whittock and Bower 2003). In human anagen hair follicles, DSG4 is expressed in the precortex, cortex, and lower cuticle of the hair shaft.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent DSG4 frameshift variants in cats with hair shaft dystrophy

et al. 2021

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Investigations of hereditary phenotypes in spontaneous mutants may help to better understand the physiological functions of the altered genes. We investigated two unrelated domestic shorthair cats with bulbous swellings of the hair shafts. The clinical, histopathological, and ultrastructural features were similar to those in mice with lanceolate hair phenotype caused by loss-of-function variants in Dsg4 encoding desmoglein 4. We sequenced the genomes from both affected cats and compared the data of each affected cat to 61 control genomes. A search for private homozygous variants in the DSG4 candidate gene revealed independent frameshift variants in each case, c.76del or p.Ile26fsLeu*4 in case no. 1 and c.1777del or p.His593Thrfs*23 in case no. 2. DSG4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein located primarily in the extracellular part of desmosomes, a complex of adhesion molecules responsible for connecting the keratin intermediate filaments of neighbouring epithelial cells. Desmosomes are essential for normal hair shaft formation. Both identified DSG4 variants in the affected cats lead to premature stop codons and truncate major parts of the open-reading frame. We assume that this leads to a complete loss of DSG4 function, resulting in an incorrect formation of the desmosomes and causing the development of defective hair shafts. Together with the knowledge on the effects of DSG4 variants in other species, our data suggest that the identified DSG4 variants cause the hair shaft dystrophy. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of pathogenic DSG4 variants in domestic animals.

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Transcriptome Profiling and Differential Gene Expression in Canine Microdissected Anagen and Telogen Hair Follicles and Interfollicular Epidermis

Cited by 10 publications

References 98 publications

Parallel Independent Losses of G-Type Lysozyme Genes in Hairless Aquatic Mammals

Parallel Independent Losses of G-Type Lysozyme Genes in Hairless Aquatic Mammals

Why Pashmina Goat Produces Long Hair-fiber and Barbari doesn’t: A Differential Gene Expression Study

Independent DSG4 frameshift variants in cats with hair shaft dystrophy

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