Transcriptome Profiling of Neuronal Model Cell PC12 from Rat Pheochromocytoma

Saminathan, Ramasamy; Arjunan, Pachiappan; Luo, Feng; Rowan, Edward G.; Gopalakrishnakone, P.

doi:10.1007/s10571-009-9345-y

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…PC12 cells are derived from the same neuronal precursor cells during development and can develop a neuron-like phenotype with NGF treatment. Moreover, transcriptome profiling comprised about 765 genes, including genes for Syp1 and SNARE proteins (Saminathan et al, 2009). Therefore, they represent a model system closest to neurons for studying PM distribution of Syb2.…”

Section: Syb2 Dimerization and The Presence Of Syp1 Constitute A Firstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptophysin 1 Clears Synaptobrevin 2 from the Presynaptic Active Zone to Prevent Short-Term Depression

et al. 2016

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Release site clearance is an important process during synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling. However, little is known about its molecular mechanism. Here we identify self-assembly of exocytosed Synaptobrevin 2 (Syb2) and Synaptophysin 1 (Syp1) by homo- and hetero-oligomerization into clusters as key mechanisms mediating release site clearance for preventing cis-SNARE complex formation at the active zone (AZ). In hippocampal neurons from Syp1 knockout mice, neurons expressing a monomeric Syb2 mutant, or after acute block of the ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), responsible for cis-SNARE complex disassembly, we found strong frequency-dependent short-term depression (STD), whereas retrieval of Syb2 by compensatory endocytosis was only affected weakly. Defects in Syb2 endocytosis were stimulus- and frequency-dependent, indicating that Syp1 is not essential for Syb2 retrieval, but for its efficient clearance upstream of endocytosis. Our findings identify an SV protein as a release site clearance factor.

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Section: Syb2 Dimerization and The Presence Of Syp1 Constitute A Firstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptophysin 1 Clears Synaptobrevin 2 from the Presynaptic Active Zone to Prevent Short-Term Depression

et al. 2016

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Involvement of Hsp70, a stress protein, in the resistance of long-term culture of PC12 cells against sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced cell death

et al. 2010

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Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-treated PC12 cell line is being used in our laboratory as a cell model of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated damage for in vitro evaluation of potential neuroprotective compounds, thus cell response to SNP must be standardized to gain reproducible data. The NO-donor SNP has been shown to induce cell death at high concentrations in undifferentiated PC12 cells. Differences were found in sensitivity to SNP between cells from short- and long-term cultured cells. After 24-h exposure to 100-500 microM SNP, a decrease of cell viability was observed in both short- (17, 21 and 23rd passages) and long-term cultures (46, 49 and 50th passages), with IC(50) values of 312.72 and 462.90 microM, respectively. In cells from early passages, SNP-induced cell death was accompanied by significant increases of LDH leakage, nitrite production, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, catalase (CAT) activity, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 activation in comparison with those from late passages. Furthermore, untreated and SNP-treated cells from long-term cultures displayed an increase of the stress protein Hsp70 levels when compared with those from short-term cultures. Up-regulated levels of Hsp70 may be associated with cell survival. Therefore, cells may acquire a certain resistance to SNP-induced toxicity associated with an increase in cell passage-dependent Hsp70. The protein Hsp70 might modulate the cellular response to the toxic insult by increasing CAT and GSH-Px activities and decreasing caspase-3 activation. Finally, it is crucial for the standardization of this cell model of neurotoxicity, at least in part, the use of PC12 cells in an optimum and reliable range of passages.

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Why Machine-Information Metaphors are Bad for Science and Science Education

Pigliucci

Boudry

2010

Sci & Educ

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Why machine-information metaphors are bad for science and science educationAbstract. Genes are often described by biologists using metaphors derived from computational science: they are thought of as carriers of information, as being the equivalent of "blueprints" for the construction of organisms. Likewise, cells are often characterized as "factories" and organisms themselves become analogous to machines. Accordingly, when the human genome project was initially announced, the promise was that we would soon know how a human being is made, just as we know how to make airplanes and buildings. Importantly, modern proponents of Intelligent Design, the latest version of creationism, have exploited biologists' use of the language of information and blueprints to make their spurious case, based on pseudoscientific concepts such as "irreducible complexity" and on flawed analogies between living cells and mechanical factories. However, the living organism = machine analogy was criticized already by David Hume in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. In line with Hume's criticism, over the past several years a more nuanced and accurate understanding of what genes are and how they operate has emerged, ironically in part from the work of computational scientists who take biology, and in particular developmental biology, more seriously than some biologists seem to do. In this article we connect Hume's original criticism of the living organism = machine analogy with the modern ID movement, and illustrate how the use of misleading and outdated metaphors in science can play into the hands of pseudoscientists. Thus, we argue that dropping the blueprint and similar metaphors will improve both the science of biology and its understanding by the general public.

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Transcriptome Profiling of Neuronal Model Cell PC12 from Rat Pheochromocytoma

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Synaptophysin 1 Clears Synaptobrevin 2 from the Presynaptic Active Zone to Prevent Short-Term Depression

Synaptophysin 1 Clears Synaptobrevin 2 from the Presynaptic Active Zone to Prevent Short-Term Depression

Involvement of Hsp70, a stress protein, in the resistance of long-term culture of PC12 cells against sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced cell death

Why Machine-Information Metaphors are Bad for Science and Science Education

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