Transcriptome profiling of the crofton weed gall fly Procecidochares utilis

Gao, Xi; Zhu, Jia‐Ying; Ma, Shuping; Zhang, Z; Xiao, Chi; Li, Q; Li, Z Y; Wu, Guoxing

doi:10.4238/2014.march.19.1

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A previous analysis of whole P . utilis larvae generated fewer reads (13,333,334) but comprised a greater number (58,562) of unigenes [ 48 ]. The unigene data described here, and their functional annotations, provide valuable resources for further molecular studies of P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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De novo transcriptomic analysis of the alimentary tract of the tephritid gall fly, Procecidochares utilis

Lan

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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The tephritid gall fly, Procecidochares utilis, is an important obligate parasitic insect of the malignant weed Eupatorium adenophorum which biosynthesizes toxic secondary metabolites. Insect alimentary tracts secrete several enzymes that are used for detoxification, including cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and carboxylesterases. To explore the adaptation of P. utilis to its toxic host plant, E. adenophorum at molecular level, we sequenced the transcriptome of the alimentary tract of P. utilis using Illumina sequencing. Sequencing and de novo assembly yielded 62,443 high-quality contigs with an average length of 604 bp that were further assembled into 45,985 unigenes with an average length of 674 bp and an N50 of 983 bp. Among the unigenes, 30,430 (66.17%) were annotated by alignment against the NCBI non-redundant protein (Nr) database, while 16,700 (36.32%), 16,267 (35.37%), and 11,530 (25.07%) were assigned functions using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) databases, respectively. Using the comprehensive transcriptome data set, we manually identified several important gene families likely to be involved in the detoxification of toxic compounds including 21 unigenes within the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family, 22 unigenes within the cytochrome P450 (P450) family, and 16 unigenes within the carboxylesterase (CarE) family. Quantitative PCR was used to verify eight, six, and two genes of GSTs, P450s, and CarEs, respectively, in different P. utilis tissues and at different developmental stages. The detoxification enzyme genes were mainly expressed in the foregut and midgut. Moreover, the unigenes were higher expressed in the larvae, pupae, and 3-day adults, while they were expressed at lower levels in eggs. These transcriptomic data provide a valuable molecular resource for better understanding the function of the P. utilis alimentary canal. These identified genes could be pinpoints to address the molecular mechanisms of P. utilis interacting with toxic plant host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All galls were reared in cages, as described by Gao et al . (2014) [ 48 ]. A scalpel was then used to cut fresh galls, and larvae were collected for the experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptomic analysis of the alimentary tract of the tephritid gall fly, Procecidochares utilis

Lan

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…The host plants, A. adenophora were cultivated in the greenhouse of Yunnan Agricultural University, which were used as the host to rear the laboratory colony of P. utilis as described by Gao et al (2014) [81]. Samples of eggs, first-to third-instar larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults (female and male) were collected and rinsed three times in precooled PBS, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and preliminary characterization of chemosensory-related proteins in the gall fly, Procecidochares utilis by transcriptomic analysis

Gao

Gui

et al. 2020

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Pr

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Background: Chemoreception is critical for insect behaviors such as foraging, host searching and oviposition, and finding mating partners. The process of chemoreception is mediated by a series of proteins, including odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), gustatory receptors (GRs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The tephritid stem gall fly, Procecidochares utilis Stone, is a type of egg parasitic insect, which is an effective biological control reagent for the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora in many countries. However, the study of molecular components related to the olfactory system of P. utilis has not been investigated. Here, we report the developmental transcriptome (egg, first-third instar larvae, pupae, fame and male adult) of P. utilis using next-generation sequencing technology and identified the major chemosensory related genes. Results: In this study, a total of 133 chemosensory genes in P. utilis transcriptomes were identified by bioinformatics analysis, including 40 OBPs, 29 GRs, 24 ORs, 28 IRs, 6 CSPs, and 6 SNMPs in P. utilis. The sequences of these candidate chemosensory genes were confirmed by BLAST, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The expression profiles of all candidate genes at different developmental stages were analyzed by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and then the expression profiles of the OBPs in the seven developmental stages were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). The results showed that the expression of candidate OBP genes across different developmental stages was consistent with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis using the fragments per kilobase per million fragments (FPKM) value. Conclusions: A large number of chemosensory genes were identified. This study will provide a significant contribution to the molecular mechanism of chemoreception and help advance the use of P. utilis as biological control agents. Introduction: The chemosensory system is essential for the survival and reproduction of insects. Insects rely on the chemosensory system to identify and analyze volatiles, as well as to distinguish unique chemical signals in their living environment, which play vital roles in their ecological adaptations, host plant location, mate selection, reproductive behavior and other important physiological processes [1, 2]. The system is mediated by several important chemosensory proteins, including odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), olfactory receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) [2]. OBPs are small, globular, and water-soluble proteins that are recognized as playing an important role in the first step of olfactory recognition [3-5]. Insect OBPs bind and transport hydrophobic odorant molecules through the aqueous lymph within its sensilla to the olfactory receptors (ORs) and activate ORs in the dendritic membranes of the olfactory neurons [6, 7]. Generally, insect...

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“…adenophorum were originally collected from Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. All galls were kept in cages and reared under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 75% relative humidity as described previously [8]. Fresh galls were dissected with a scalpel and then larvae were collected for later experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many countries such as New Zealand, Australia, and China have used this insect to control the damage caused by E . adenophorum [7, 8]. Since P .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with immunity, detoxification and energy metabolism from the fat body of the tephritid gall fly, Procecidochares utilis

Gao

Lan

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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The fat body, a multifunctional organ analogous to the liver and fat tissue of vertebrates, plays an important role in insect life cycles. The fat body is involved in protein storage, energy metabolism, elimination of xenobiotics, and production of immunity regulator-like proteins. However, the molecular mechanism of the fat body’s physiological functions in the tephritid stem gall-forming fly, Procecidochares utilis, are still unknown. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of the fat body of P. utilis using Illumina sequencing technology. In total, 3.71 G of clean reads were obtained and assembled into 30,559 unigenes, with an average length of 539 bp. Among those unigenes, 21,439 (70.16%) were annotated based on sequence similarity to proteins in NCBI’s non-redundant protein sequence database (Nr). Sequences were also compared to NCBI’s non-redundant nucleotide sequence database (Nt), a manually curated and reviewed protein sequence database (SwissProt), and KEGG and gene ontology annotations were applied to better understand the functions of these unigenes. A comparative analysis was performed to identify unigenes related to detoxification, immunity and energy metabolism. Many unigenes involved in detoxification were identified, including 50 unigenes of putative cytochrome P450s (P450s), 18 of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), 35 of carboxylesterases (CarEs) and 26 of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Many unigenes related to immunity were identified, including 17 putative serpin genes, five peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) and four lysozyme genes. In addition, unigenes potentially involved in energy metabolism, including 18 lipase genes, five fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes and six elongases of very long chain fatty acid (ELOVL) genes, were identified. This transcriptome improves our genetic understanding of P. utilis and the identification of a numerous transcripts in the fat body of P. utilis offer a series of valuable molecular resources for future studies on the functions of these genes.

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Transcriptome profiling of the crofton weed gall fly Procecidochares utilis

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

De novo transcriptomic analysis of the alimentary tract of the tephritid gall fly, Procecidochares utilis

De novo transcriptomic analysis of the alimentary tract of the tephritid gall fly, Procecidochares utilis

Identification and preliminary characterization of chemosensory-related proteins in the gall fly, Procecidochares utilis by transcriptomic analysis

De novo transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with immunity, detoxification and energy metabolism from the fat body of the tephritid gall fly, Procecidochares utilis

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