Transcriptomic Analysis of MDBK Cells Infected with Cytopathic and Non-Cytopathic Strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and the Pestivirus genus. Infection with BVDV causes a disease with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, most often mild, although infections with this virus constitute a serious economic problem all over the world. The virus is characterized by a high genetic variability, while the accumulation of single mutations leads to the formation of its new variants. The aim of this study was to better understand the complicated pathogenesis of this disease at the molecular level via the analysis of the transcriptome of cells infected with this virus. The bovine kidney cell line (MDBK), the cytopathic (cp) reference strain, and two non-cytopathic (ncp) BVD virus field strains were used in transcriptomic studies. The cell transcriptome was tested 24 and 72 h after infection. The results of the microarray analysis revealed changes in the expression levels of numerous genes. Genes with changed expression as a result of infection with the cp strain caused changes in the expression levels of a large number of genes and enriched a number of pathways. Genes with increased expression levels were enriched among other pathways involved in the cell cycle, while genes with reduced expression levels enriched pathways mostly related to metabolism. Genes with increased expression levels as a result of infection with ncp strains enriched a much smaller number of pathways, among them, pathways related to signaling activity 24 h post-infection and serine biosynthetic pathways both 24 and 72 h post-infection. Pathways enriched by genes with reduced expression levels were related to the innate immune response (72 h post-infection) or metabolism (24 and 72 h post-infection). The results of microarray studies can help us to better understand the host’s response to BVDV infection.

Mitochondria-mediated ferroptosis contributes to the inflammatory responses of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in vitro

“…Concurrently, increased expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and IFN-β compared to mock-infected cells was detected in CP BVDV-infected cells, while no significant different expression in these genes was detected between NCP BVDV- and mock-infected cells. These results are in agreement with previous in vitro studies demonstrating CP BVDV infection usually associated with inflammatory responses and NCP BVDV associated with no inflammatory responses ( 58 – 60 ). Importantly, inhibition of ferroptosis using Fer-1 abolished CP BVDV-induced inflammatory responses and interferon expression, while inhibition of mitophagy with siParkin transfection increased inflammatory cytokines and interferon expression in NCP BVDV-infected cells.…”

Sperm and oocyte as carriers for bovine viral diarrhoea virus biotypes during in vitro fertilization

“…No. 10439–024), for 3–5 days at 37°C in 5% CO2, and the viral suspensions then inoculated into the wells containing a confluent monolayer (Mirosław et al, 2022). After three blind passages (each for 3–5 days), the cell supernatants were tested for presence of the viral genome by RT‐PCR (Vilček et al, 1994).…”

NLRP3 Inflammasome Involved with Viral Replication in Cytopathic NADL BVDV Infection and IFI16 Inflammasome Connected with IL-1β Release in Non-Cytopathic NY-1 BVDV Infection in Bovine Macrophages

“…However, the protein secretion of IL-1β during infection with non-cytopathic biotype strains is lower than that with cytopathic strains; this could be related to the processing of IL-1β by inflammasomes [ 24 , 25 ]. Differences in gene expression have been observed between infection with cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes, with increased gene expression of NFкB shown during infection with the cytopathic biotype and an increase in IFN-stimulated genes observed during infection with the non-cytopathic biotype [ 26 , 27 ].…”