Transcriptomic analysis of Staphylococcus equorum KM1031 from the high-salt fermented seafood jeotgal under chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin stresses

Abstract

Staphylococcus equorum strain KM1031 is resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin. To shed light on the genetic factors underlying these antibiotic resistances, we determined the global gene expression profile of S. equorum KM1031 using RNA sequencing. During chloramphenicol, erythromycin and lincomycin treatment, 8.3% (183/2,336), 16.0% (354/2,336), and 2.9% (63/2,336) of S. equorum KM1031 genes exhibited significant differences in expression, respectively. These three antibiotics upregulated genes related to efflux and downregulated genes related to transporters. Antibiotic treatment also upregulated osmoprotectant-related genes involved in salt tolerance. To identify specific genes functionally related to antibiotic resistance, we compared the genome of strain KM1031 with those of three S. equorum strains that are sensitive to these three antibiotics. We identified three genes of particular interest: an antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase gene (abm, AWC34_RS01805) related to chloramphenicol resistance, an antibiotic ABC transporter ATP-binding protein gene (msr, AWC34_RS11115) related to erythromycin resistance, and a lincosamide nucleotydyltransferase gene (lnuA, AWC34_RS13300) related to lincomycin resistance. These genes were upregulated in response to the corresponding antibiotic; in particular, msr was upregulated more than fourfold by erythromycin treatment. Finally, the results of RNA sequencing were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. This transcriptomic analysis provides genetic evidence regarding antibiotic stress responses of S. equorum strain KM1031.

Effect of sublethal dose of chloramphenicol on biofilm formation and virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus

“…Chloramphenicol down-regulated flagellar gene expression and swimming and swarming motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, but up-regulated genes involved in invasion, attachment, and intracellular survival ( Brunelle et al, 2014 , 2017 ). Transcriptome analysis revealed that chloramphenicol affects global gene expression in multiple bacterial species including such as Streptococcus pneumoniae ( Ng et al, 2003 ), Staphylococcus equorum ( Heo et al, 2022 ), Bacillus subtilis ( Lin et al, 2005 ), Yersinia pestis ( Qiu et al, 2006 ), Thermotoga maritima ( Montero et al, 2007 ), Pseudomonas putida ( Fernandez et al, 2012 ), Myxococcus xanthus ( Yang et al, 2019 ), Enterococcus faecalis ( Tatta et al, 2023 ), and Escherichia coli ( Bie et al, 2023 ). The genes that showed altered expression in response to chloramphenicol are involved in multiple cellular pathways including metabolism, stress response, regulation, and protein biosynthesis.…”

“…Chloramphenicol down-regulated flagellar gene expression and swimming and swarming motility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, but up-regulated genes involved in invasion, attachment, and intracellular survival (Brunelle et al, 2014(Brunelle et al, , 2017. Transcriptome analysis revealed that chloramphenicol affects global gene expression in multiple bacterial species including such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (Ng et al, 2003), Staphylococcus equorum (Heo et al, 2022), Bacillus subtilis (Lin et al, 2005), Yersinia pestis (Qiu et al, 2006), Thermotoga maritima (Montero et al, 2007), Pseudomonas putida (Fernandez The OP-TR colony variation of V. parahaemolyticus. A small amount of V. parahaemolyticus cells was streaked onto a HI plate containing 0, 0.2 or 0.4 μg/mL chloramphenicol, and then statically incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Pictures were representative of two independent experiments with three replicates each.…”

Fermented foods, their microbiome and its potential in boosting human health

“…In addition, reports suggest that this species might influence the sensorial profile of sausages and cheeses through the production of butan‐3‐diol, acetoin and diacetyl (Irlinger et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2018; Stavropoulou et al., 2018), generating pleasant or off‐flavours depending on the ratio between these molecules and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, it was also proved that S. equorum strains isolated from FFs may become resistant to multiple antibiotics through acquisition of mobile genetic elements (Heo et al., 2022).…”