Transcriptomic and Expression Analysis of the Salivary Glands in Brown Planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Abstract

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a serious rice pest because of its destructive feeding. The salivary glands of the BPH play a key role in successful feeding. In this study, we explored the salivary gland transcriptome (sialotranscriptome) of adult BPHs using Illumina sequencing and a total of 55,913 transcripts and 45,421 unigenes were obtained. We identified one reference gene RPL9 (Ribosomal protein L9) and 19 salivary protein genes from the BPH sialotranscripome, which were categorized as those involved in sugar metabolism, extra-oral digestion of cell wall components, detoxification, and suppression of plant defenses. Tissue expression profiles of 19 salivary protein genes analysis revealed that the expression level of alpha-glucosidase family 31 had no difference in five tissues, suggesting that it may have functions in the whole-body parts. Glucose dehydrogenase (flavine adenine dinucleotide, quinone)-like was expressed highly in the salivary gland, which might play putative role in insect feeding. Glucose dehydrogenase (acceptor) was expressed the highest level in head without salivary gland. Other salivary protein genes were highly expressed in gut or malpighian tubule, suggesting that they may play roles in digestive and detoxification mechanism. Moreover, we detected RPL9 is one of the genes that is most consistently present for acquisition of gene expression in different tissues. Thus, RPL9 can be a new reference for expression studies of BPH. The obtained BPH sialotranscripome provides a list of genes that have potential roles in feeding and interaction between BPHs and rice plants.

High-quality chromosome-level scaffolds of the plant bug Pachypeltis micranthus provide insights into the availability of Mikania micrantha control

“…Lygus linearis salivary gland genes were also significantly enriched in those terms [ 18 ], which revealed a similar enrichment pattern of the two mirid bugs. However, apart from Miridae, even phytophagous Hemipteran belonging to the same family showed different gene enrichment patterns in salivary gland transcriptome, such as Nephotettix cincticeps (Cicadellidae) [ 127 ], Nephotettix cincticeps (Cicadellidae) [ 128 ], Sogatella furcifera (Delphacidae) [ 129 ], and Bemisia tabaci (Aleyrodidae) [ 130 ]. Therefore, these results may illuminate that phytophagous mirid bugs has a specific salivary enzyme system.…”

Molecular identification of carboxylesterase genes and their potential roles in the insecticides susceptibility of Grapholita molesta

“…Insect salivary gland is an important organ in the digestive system. It also contains a variety of digestive enzymes, which can help to detoxify and metabolism (Miao et al, 2018; Paim et al, 2022). Taken together, these results implied that GmCarE5 , GmCarE9 , GmCarE14 , GmCarE16 , GmCarE22 , and GmCarE23 are involved in the susceptibility to emamectin benzoate, lambda‐cyhalothrin, and chlorantraniliprole.…”

Determination of Suitable RT-qPCR Reference Genes for Studies of Gene Functions in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)

“…Several other planthopper ribosomal protein genes have also been reported as suitable RT-qPCR reference for data normalization. For example, PRS15 was reported as the most suitable RT-qPCR reference gene for N. lugens at different developmental stages [24], while RPL9 was reported to be stably expressed in different tissues of S. furcifera and N. lugens [25,40]. Consequently, we consider that many ribosomal protein family genes are likely to be expressed stably in planthopper at different developmental stages or in different tissues.…”