Transcriptomic profiling reveals different innate immune responses in primary alveolar macrophages infected by two highly homologous porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses with distinct virulence

Li, Shubin; Li, Xinshuai; Qiu, Ming; Li, Jixiang; Xiao, Yanzhao; Hong, Lin; Zheng, Wanglong; Zhu, Jianzhong; Chen, Nanhua

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105102

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Alveolar macrophages are also important for the regulation of the inflammatory damage during the course of respiratory viral infections. Comparative transcriptomic studies revealed that inflammatory cytokines are significantly enhanced in the lung of pigs infected with the virulent PRRSV XJ isolate compared to avirulent JS strain [58], and that the excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines production promote lung damage [59,60]. Similarly, it was shown that the impairment of the function of alveolar macrophages was associated with an exacerbated RSV-mediated respiratory disease [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Alveolar Macrophages by Postimmunobiotics: Impact on TLR3-Mediated Antiviral Respiratory Immunity

Tomokiyo

Tonetti

Yamamuro

et al. 2022

Cells

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Beneficial microbes with immunomodulatory capacities (immunobiotics) and their non-viable forms (postimmunobiotics) could be effectively utilized in formulations towards the prevention of respiratory viral infections. In this study, novel immunobiotic strains with the ability to increase antiviral immunity in porcine alveolar macrophages were selected from a library of Lactobacillus gasseri. Postimmunobiotics derived from the most remarkable strains were also evaluated in their capacity to modulate the immune response triggered by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in alveolar macrophages and to differentially regulate TLR3-mediated antiviral respiratory immunity in infant mice. We provide evidence that porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/31 cells) are a useful in vitro tool for the screening of new antiviral immunobiotics and postimmunobiotics by assessing their ability to modulate the expression IFN-β, IFN-λ1, RNAseL, Mx2, and IL-6, which can be used as prospective biomarkers. We also demonstrate that the postimmunobiotics derived from the Lactobacillus gasseri TMT36, TMT39 and TMT40 (HK36, HK39 or HK40) strains modulate the innate antiviral immune response of alveolar macrophages and reduce lung inflammatory damage triggered by TLR3 activation in vivo. Although our findings should be deepened and expanded, the results of the present work provide a scientific rationale for the use of nasally administered HK36, HK39 or HK40 to beneficially modulate TLR3-triggerd respiratory innate immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Alveolar Macrophages by Postimmunobiotics: Impact on TLR3-Mediated Antiviral Respiratory Immunity

Tomokiyo

Tonetti

Yamamuro

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…Virus isolation and IFA detection were performed in both Marc-145 cells and primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) as previously described [32]. PAMs were prepared with lung lavage fuid from 6-week-old healthy piglets [33,34].…”

Section: Virus Isolation and Immunofuorescence Assay (Ifa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic and Pathogenic Assessments Identify a Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 with New Deletions from Adult Slaughter Pig in 2022

Qiu

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Since we first reported porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) wild type strains in mainland China in 2011, PRRSV1 infection has been detected in more than 20 provinces in China. During the routine investigation of PRRSV1 epidemiology in 2022, we isolated a novel PRRSV1 strain (SD1291) from an adult slaughter pig in Linyi, Shandong Province. The SD1291 could only be isolated with primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), not with Marc-145 cells. In addition, the 2022 SD1291 isolate has higher in vitro replication efficacy than the 2014 PRRSV1 HLJB1 isolate in PAMs. Due to high genetic variation, the complete genome of SD1291 was determined by metagenomic sequencing, which showed that SD1291 shares the highest genome similarity (88.12%) with the PRRSV1 HeB47 isolate. Sequence alignment results identified a four-amino-acid deletion in nsp2 and a five-amino-acid deletion in the GP3 and GP4 overlap region of SD1291. A complete-genome-based phylogenetic tree showed that SD1291 is grouped with BJEU06-1-like PRRSV1 isolates. A piglets’ challenge study showed that SD1291 can cause high fever (the highest is 41°C), reduced weight gain, mild lung consolidation, and interstitial pneumonia indicating that SD1291 is a pathogenic PRRSV1 isolate. Overall, this study first identified a novel pathogenic PRRSV1 isolate from an adult slaughter pig in China. Our findings also suggested that new PRRSV1 variants could escape the current PRRSV vaccination system and circulate in adult swine herds, which deserve more attention.

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“…The virulent PRRSV-1 strain, Lena, has a higher immune co-inhibitory receptor expression level than the avirulent 3294 strain ( Sánchez-Carvajal et al, 2021 ). Besides, PRRSV-2 XJ17-5 induces innate immune-related genes such as cytokines and ISGs more strongly than the homologous JSTZ1712-12 ( Li et al, 2021 ), which may indicate that the host immune system can respond more intensively to virulent PRRSV strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptional characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSV in porcine alveolar macrophages

Wang

Ma²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The widespread and endemic circulation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) cause persistent financial losses to the swine industry worldwide. In 2017, NADC34-like PRRSV-2 emerged in northeastern China and spread rapidly. The dynamics analysis of immune perturbations associated with novel PRRSV lineage is still incomplete. This study performed a time-course transcriptome sequencing of NADC34-like PRRSV strain YC-2020-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and compared them with JXA1-infected PAMs. The results illustrated dramatic changes in the host’s differentially expressed genes (DEGs) presented at different timepoints after PRRSV infection, and the expression profile of YC-2020 group is distinct from that of JXA1 group. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the expression of many inflammatory cytokines was up-regulated following YC-2020 infection but at a significantly lower magnitude than JXA1 group, in line with the trends for most interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and their regulators. Meanwhile, numerous components of histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and phagosome presented a stronger transcription suppression after the YC-2020 infection. All results imply that YC-2020 may induce milder inflammatory responses, weaker antiviral processes, and more severe disturbance of antigen processing and presentation compared with HP-PRRSV. Additionally, LAPTM4A, GLMP, and LITAF, which were selected from weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), could significantly inhibit PRRSV proliferation. This study provides fundamental data for understanding the biological characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSV and new insights into PRRSV evolution and prevention.

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Transcriptomic profiling reveals different innate immune responses in primary alveolar macrophages infected by two highly homologous porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses with distinct virulence

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Modulation of Alveolar Macrophages by Postimmunobiotics: Impact on TLR3-Mediated Antiviral Respiratory Immunity

Modulation of Alveolar Macrophages by Postimmunobiotics: Impact on TLR3-Mediated Antiviral Respiratory Immunity

Metagenomic and Pathogenic Assessments Identify a Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 with New Deletions from Adult Slaughter Pig in 2022

The transcriptional characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSV in porcine alveolar macrophages

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