Transcultural adaptation of the children's anxiety questionnaire in Brazil

Abstract

Aim To describe the transcultural adaptation process of the Children's Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) for the Brazilian culture. Design This is a methodological study of cross‐cultural adaptation. Methods Study conducted in Brazil and Sweden involved the following steps: preparation, translation, synthesis of translations, back‐translation and review, and harmonization of the translations by a committee of 13 healthcare professionals using the content validity index (CVI). Cognitive debriefing, using children between 4–10 years old, was completed by 15 children to determine if the images corresponded with their meanings and 17 children to determine if they could understand the Global CAQ after listening. Results Convergences and discrepancies between the original instrument in Swedish, the English version and the Brazilian translation were compared. The process of culturally adapting the CAQ to Brazilian Portuguese was validated, as demonstrated by a satisfactory S‐CVI (0.94) among professionals and an agreement of 95% and above by children.

Anxiety among children a year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic: a Brazilian cross-sectional online survey

“…The CAQ and NRS were used to measure anxiety in the children. The CAQ, developed in Sweden is available in Arabic, English, Swedish, ( 12 , 13 ), and Portuguese ( 14 ). The CAQ contains four items with four images of facial expressions and three response options; each represents different levels of emotional intensity ( 12 , 13 ).…”

Table_2.docx

“…The CAQ and NRS were used to measure anxiety in the children. The CAQ, developed in Sweden is available in Arabic, English, Swedish, (12, 13), and Portuguese (14). The CAQ contains four items with four images of facial expressions and three response options; each represents different levels of emotional intensity (12, 13).…”

“…The minimum aggregate score was 4, representing the lowest anxiety level for all four items. The CAQ in Brazilian Portuguese was recently validated and demonstrated satisfactory results among professionals and children (14). The CAQ was based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (15) and has previously shown construct validity in conjunction with outpatient surgery (16).…”

Table_1.docx

“…The CAQ and NRS were used to measure anxiety in the children. The CAQ, developed in Sweden is available in Arabic, English, Swedish, (12, 13), and Portuguese (14). The CAQ contains four items with four images of facial expressions and three response options; each represents different levels of emotional intensity (12, 13).…”

“…The minimum aggregate score was 4, representing the lowest anxiety level for all four items. The CAQ in Brazilian Portuguese was recently validated and demonstrated satisfactory results among professionals and children (14). The CAQ was based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (15) and has previously shown construct validity in conjunction with outpatient surgery (16).…”