Transcultural issues on the assessment of executive functions and processing speed in older adults with low formal education: Usefulness of <scp>T</scp>he <scp>F</scp>ive <scp>D</scp>igits <scp>T</scp>est in the assessment of dementia

Paula, Jonas Jardim de; Querino, Emanuel Henrique Gonçalves; Oliveira, Thaís Feitosa Leitão de; Sedó, Manuel A.; Malloy-Diniz, Leandro Fernandes

doi:10.1111/ggi.12364

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment composed of the following tests: the MMSE, 18 Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination – Revised (ACE‐R), 20 the Letter Fluency Test‐FAS, 21 Category Fluency (animals) – the verbal fluency tests were corrected for speech motor disability with the Verbal Fluency Index (VFI), 22 the Similarities Test from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐third edition (WAIS‐III), 23 the digit span test from the WAIS‐III, 23 the Five‐Digit Test (FDT), 24 the Hayling Test, 25 the Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT), 26 and the Figure Memory Test from the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) 27 for episodic memory assessment. All participants completed the HADS 19 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of cognitive and behavioral profiles between sporadic and type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

et al. 2023

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Introduction/AimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type 8 (ALS8) is caused by VAPB gene mutations. The differences between neuropsychological and behavioral profiles of patients with sporadic ALS (sALS) and those with ALS8 are unclear. We aimed to compare cognitive performance and behavioral aspects between sALS and ALS8 patients.MethodsOur study included 29 symptomatic ALS8 patients (17 men; median age 49 years), 20 sALS patients (12 men; median age 55 years), and 30 healthy controls (16 men; median age 50 years), matched for sex, age, and education. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessments focused on executive functions, visual memory, and facial emotion recognition. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Cambridge Behavioral Inventory.ResultsClinical groups (sALS and ALS8) exhibited lower global cognitive efficiency and impaired cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and inhibitory control compared with controls. ALS8 and sALS showed similar performance in most executive tests, except for poorer verbal (lexical) fluency in those with sALS. Apathy, anxiety, and stereotypical behaviors were frequent in both clinical groups.DiscussionsALS and ALS8 patients demonstrated similar deficits in most cognitive domains and had comparable behavioral profiles. These findings should be considered in the care of patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of cognitive and behavioral profiles between sporadic and type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

et al. 2023

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“…The original version proposed by Sedó 22 is currently being validated for the Brazilian population with preliminary results already published. 10 , 23 Three steps of the task were used. First, the subject is introduced to 50 stimuli (rectangles) aligned in 5 rows and 10 columns containing one to five numeric symbols (the numbers 1 to 5) congruently (1; 2-2; 3-3-3; 4-4-4-4, 5-5-5-5-5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a modified version of the switching verbal fluency test for the assessment of cognitive flexibility

Paula

Paiva

Costa

2015

Dement. neuropsychol.

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ObjectiveVerbal fluency tests are widely used for the assessment of executive functions. However, traditional versions of the test depend on several cognitive factors beyond these components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of a modified version of the verbal fluency with specific measures of executive functions.MethodsSixty adults were evaluated using traditional versions of verbal fluency (animals/fruits) and a modified condition where subjects must switch between animals and fruits. Processing speed, semantic abilities, psychiatric symptoms and executive functions were also assessed.ResultsPartial correlations between the verbal fluency tests and measures of executive functions, controlled for demographic, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, suggest that cognitive flexibility has 9% shared variance with the verbal fluency test – category animals, 2 % with category fruits, 8% with total words in switching condition, and 20% with total correct word-pairs produced in switching condition. The other aspects of executive functions during the task had shared variance of between 1% and 7% with the verbal fluency tasks.ConclusionThe results suggest that correct word-pairs produced in switching verbal fluency may be a more specific measure for evaluating cognitive flexibility compared to other versions of verbal fluency.

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“…However, the interference effect of the SCWT could be inaccurate for specific populations such as preschoolers, illiterates or even individuals with low formal schooling since reading efficiency moderates the time of the task execution 10 . The Five Digit Test (FDT) was design to overcome some of these limitations requiring to test-takers to read or count Arabic numerals (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) or count stars 11 . Four parts compose the FDT: reading, counting, choosing (selective attention), and switching (alternate attention) 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Ecological validity of the five digit test and the oral trails test

Paiva

Fialho

Costa

et al. 2015

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Tests evaluating the attentional-executive system are widely used in clinical practice. However, proximity of an objective cognitive test with real-world situations (ecological validity) is not frequently investigated. The present study evaluate the association between measures of the Five Digit Test (FDT) and the Oral Trails Test (OTT) with self-reported cognitive failures in everyday life as measured by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Brazilian adults from 18-to-65 years old voluntarily performed the FDT and OTT tests and reported the frequency of cognitive failures in their everyday life through the CFQ. After controlling for the age effect, the measures of controlled attentional processes were associated with cognitive failures, yet the cognitive flexibility of both FDT and OTT accounted for by the majority of variance in most aspects of the CFQ factors. The FDT and the OTT measures were predictive of real-world problems such as cognitive failures in everyday activities/situations.

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Transcultural issues on the assessment of executive functions and processing speed in older adults with low formal education: Usefulness of The Five Digits Test in the assessment of dementia

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

A comparative study of cognitive and behavioral profiles between sporadic and type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A comparative study of cognitive and behavioral profiles between sporadic and type 8 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Use of a modified version of the switching verbal fluency test for the assessment of cognitive flexibility

Ecological validity of the five digit test and the oral trails test

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