Transcutaneous sampling of ciprofloxacin and 8-methoxypsoralen by electroporation (ETS technique)

Abstract

The novel technique of transcutaneous sampling of drugs by electroporation was developed to study the dermatokinetics of ciprofloxacin and 8-methoxypsoralen. The selected drugs differ in their aqueous solubility and also with respect to the extent of protein binding. Ciprofloxacin (15mg/kg) was administered i.v. through tail vein whereas 8-methoxypsoralen (5mg/kg) was given by oral administration, in hairless rats and the time course of drug concentration in the plasma was determined. Drug concentration in the dermal ECF was determined by ETS and microdialysis sampling techniques. The extent of penetration into dermal ECF for ciprofloxacin and 8-methoxypsoralen was found to be ∼19-32% and ∼13-23% respectively. The drug concentration in the dermal ECF determined by ETS and microdialysis did not differ significantly from each other and so as were the pharmacokinetic parameters. The results show that ETS can be utilized as a potential technique for sampling of drugs from the dermal extracellular fluid.

Cutaneous Microdialysis

“…Extensive work on skin sampling via electroporation has been done by Murthy et al who investigated the transcutaneous extraction of drugs (salicylic acid [85], acyclovir [86], ciprofloxacine [87], 8-methoxypsoralen [87], cephalexin [88]), and glucose [89]. In vivo studies were done on rats; briefly, the collection chamber was filled with 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) and 10-15 pulses (1 ms, 120 V, 1 Hz) were applied.…”

“…A subsequent study with glucose [89] used 30 pulses (1 ms, 120 V/cm 2 ) in the absence of SDS, and a good correlation (r 2 = 0.87) was observed between the rats' venous concentration and the glucose extracted transdermally. Finally, other studies, also in vivo in rats, applied 30 electrical pulses (10 ms, 120 V/cm 2 , 1 Hz) in the absence of SDS to extract ciprofloxacin, 8-methoxypsoralen [87], and cephalexin [88] (Table 6.2). The drugs were collected after electroporation treatment, with the extracted levels correlating well with those obtained via microdialysis; however, transdermal drug recovery was drug dependent, being lower for cephalexin and 8-methoxypsoralen.…”

Transdermal Delivery of Iron Using Soluble Microneedles: Dermal Kinetics and Safety

“…A flow rate of 2 μL/min was chosen for the entire study. Microdialysis probe was equilibrated with PBS (pH-5) for 30 minutes after implantation of probe and later, known concentration of drug was perfused and dialysate was collected at different time points [4]. The recovery was calculated using the following formula: $$\mathrm{italicRecovery}false(\%false)=100-\left(\frac{\mathrm{italicconcentration}of\mathrm{italicdialysate}}{\mathrm{italicconcentration}of\mathrm{italicPerfusate}}\times 100\right)$$…”

Magnetophoresis for enhancing transdermal drug delivery: Mechanistic studies and patch design

“…Cutaneous microdialysis was carried out in rats by inserting a 20G needle intradermally through a distance of 2 cm and a linear microdialysis probe of 5 mm membrane length and 30 kDa cut-off molecular weight (BASi, West Lafayette, IN) was inserted through this needle and the needle was withdrawn leaving the probe implanted in the dermal tissue [13,14]. The inlet tube was connected to an injection pump (BASi, West Lafayette) and isotonic saline solution was perfused at a flow rate of 2 µL/min.…”