Transdermal and Topical Drug Delivery Systems

Shitut, Nikhil R.; Rastogi, Sumeet K.; Singh, Somnath; Kang, Feirong; Singh, Jagdish

doi:10.1201/9780203644478-18

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Local administration (i.e., ophthalmic, rectal, vaginal) delivers drugs to the target site, which enhances drugs bioavailability and minimizes the side effects [1][2][3]. Topical administration is a common method for administering many different types of drugs, such as corticosteroids, antivirals, antibiotics, antiseptics, _______________________________________________________________________________________________ *Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Hyderabad -500 088, Telangana, India local anesthetics, and anti-neoplastics [4][5][6]. Now, the topical delivery system is ahead a massive consideration for researchers due to its capability to calm products on both local and systemic illnesses [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation, development, and characterization of loratadine emulgel

Sharaff,

Renukuntla,

Peddapalli

et al. 2024

JAPR

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Background: This study was to develop loratadine (LTD) emulgels to treat localized skin allergy. Method: Initially oil-in-water emulsion was prepared by 3 different types of surfactants & finally gelling agent carbopol 940 was incorporated into emulsion to produce emulgel (i.e., standard conventional method). Results: The developed formulations were characterized using various parameters including particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficacy (EE), pH, extrusion efficacy, physical stability, in-vitro drug release studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). PS, EE, PDI, ZP and In-vitro studies ranges between 186.25 ± 6.42 mm (LE-F4) to 395.24 ± 8.64 mm (LE-F1), 62.38 ± 0.36 % (LE-F2) to 76.48 ± 0.69 % (LE-F4), 0.276 ± 0.02 (LE-F4) to 0.652 ± 0.02 (LE-F1), 16.45 ± 2.13 mV (LE-F1) to 29.46 ± 2.78 mV (LE-F3) and 21.90 ± 0.3 % (LE-F1) to 68.30±0.9 % (LE-F4) respectively. Conclusion: Based on all physicochemical properties, LE-F4 formulation was considered to be optimized with minimum PS (186.25±6.42 nm), PDI (0.276±0.02), satisfactory positive surface charge (23.15 ± 1.89 mV) and maximum EE (76.48±0.69 %). FTIR studies were confirmed that there is no physical interaction between drug and excipients and SEM studies revealed that vesicle size was spherical with smooth texture. A significantly greater rate of drug release (i.e., 68.30 ± 0.90%) was seen in the LTD emulgels that were made with cationic surfactant (i.e., LE-F4) and found to be good spreadability and extrudability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation, development, and characterization of loratadine emulgel

Sharaff,

Renukuntla,

Peddapalli

et al. 2024

JAPR

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“…As a result, different types of novel and innovative drug delivery systems are devised, such as transdermal drug delivery systems, controlled and predetermined release systems and trans mucosal delivery systems. [37][38][39][40][41] Transdermal drug delivery has numerous advantages such as controlled discharge of drug from reservoir through porous membrane or by body heat, it is painless, nonirritating, non-invasive procedure that have minimum side effects, skips first pass metabolism, increasing patient compliance, faster onset of action and more effective. It also has some disadvantages, like local irritation at site of application, molecular size of drug should be smaller than the pore size of skin for penetration, drugs with high melting point will have less solubility and will not melt with body heat.…”

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confidence: 99%

Devising of Lazūq (A Conventional Unani Dosage Form) with reference to Transdermal Patch; Then and Now: A Critical Review

Amreen,

Siddiqui,

Saleem

2024

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Objective: The endeavor is made to criticize the classical indications, preparations and application of Lazūq even after passing many centuries since its inception. Background: According to classical Unani literature, Lazūq is primarily formulated for headache, migraine, toothache, cervical pain, dropping of uvula and different types of pain like sciatica, backache, myalgia and some orthopedic conditions. Its approach is still conventional that encompasses thick sticky stuff of drug/s which is pasted over a cloth or thick paper, consequently, maximum ratio of medicinal properties remains insignificant owed to stratum corneum (layer of skin that functions as a barrier). Devising and method of drug delivery in classical form of Lazūq makes it inconvenient to the patient, thus, it drops patient’s compliance and anticipated efficacy. In this day and age, Unani practitioners do not prescribe it very often because of its devising and limited indications documented in classical literature. Hence, it’s now becoming out of practice. Whereas, modern medicine is practicing its novel approach epitomized as Transdermal patch for several bodily conditions like Acute post-operative pain, Alzheimer disease, Angina pectoris, Anti-emetic patch, Atrial fibrillation, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Dementia, Depression, Dysmenorrhea, Hypertension, Local dermal analgesia, Menopausal symptoms, Motion sickness, Osteoporosis, Overactive bladder, Parkinson’s disease, Post herpetic neuralgia pain, Smoking cessation, Tic disorder, Tourette syndrome and to prevent pregnancy. In transdermal patch, drug is used in micro/nano form with chemically produced permeation enhancers (CPEs) and other smart physio-chemical techniques that makes it very easy to apply, imparts maximum active pharmaceutical ingredients with controlled release of drug. Methodology: Ancient classical Unani formulations of Lazūq was appraised and then its course with respect to today’s newer formulations as transdermal patch was reviewed to look for its progress and application in novel dosage form with the advantage of innovations in pharmaceutical and allied sciences. Conclusion: Classical Unani formulations of Lazūq must be reviewed, transformed, evaluated, coped and applied as per the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of transdermal drug delivery system. Future Prospects: New formulations of Lazūq should be designed and appraised from the medicinal treasure of Unani system of medicine for different therapeutic conditions.

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