Transdermal Immunization of Elastic Liposome-Laden Recombinant Chimeric Fusion Protein of P. falciparum (PfMSP-Fu24) Mounts Protective Immune Response

Abstract

Transdermal immunization exhibits poor immunogenic responses due to poor permeability of antigens through the skin. Elastic liposomes, the ultradeformable nanoscale lipid vesicles, overcome the permeability issues and prove a versatile nanocarrier for transcutaneous delivery of protein, peptide, and nucleic acid antigens. Elastic liposome-mediated subcutaneous delivery of chimeric fusion protein (PfMSP-Fu24) of Plasmodium falciparum exhibited improved immunogenic responses. Elastic liposomes-mediated immunization of PfMSP-Fu24 conferred immunity to the asexual blood-stage infection. Present study is an attempt to compare the protective immune response mounted by the PfMSP-Fu24 upon administered through transdermal and intramuscular routes. Humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) response elicited by topical and intramuscularly administered PfMSP-Fu24-laden elastic liposomes (EL-PfMSP-Fu24) were compared and normalized with the vehicle control. Sizeable immune responses were seen with the transcutaneously immunized EL-PfMSP-Fu24 and compared with those elicited with intramuscularly administered antigen. Our results show significant IgG isotype subclass (IgG1and IgG3) response of specific antibody levels as well as cell-mediated immunity (CMI) activating factor (IFN-γ), a crucial player in conferring resistance to blood-stage malaria in mice receiving EL-PfMSP-Fu24 through transdermal route as compared to the intramuscularly administered formulation. Heightened immune response obtained by the vaccination of EL-PfMSP-Fu24 was complemented by the quantification of the transcript (mRNA) levels cell-mediated (IFN-γ, IL-4), and regulatory immune response (IL-10) in the lymph nodes and spleen. Collectively, elastic liposomes prove their immune-adjuvant property as they evoke sizeable and perdurable immune response against PfMSP-Fu24 and justify its potential for the improved vaccine delivery to inducing both humoral and CM immune response.

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier–Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Aceclofenac Hydrogel Present an Effective Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Diseases

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From influenza to COVID-19: Lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines at the frontiers of infectious diseases

“…As early as the 1990s, liposomes were being utilized to deliver mRNA cargoes to mice in vivo ; in the proceeding decades, lipid-based systems such as Lipofectamine (Invitrogen; a lipoplexing agent), Stemfect (Stemgent; a lipoplexing mix), and TransIT-mRNA (Mirus Bio LLC; a cationic polymer/lipid formulation) were designed and made commercially available to aid in vitro cell transfection of nucleic acids, including mRNA [ 98 , 99 ]. A number of other technologies, including ‘elastic’ liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, ‘lipobrids’ and lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles have been developed in the past decade and may be adapted for delivery of nucleic acids [ [100] , [101] , [102] , [103] ]. However, these so-called ‘soft’ lipid nanostructures [104] , i.e.…”

Nanocarrier-Based Approaches for the Efficient Delivery of Anti-Tubercular Drugs and Vaccines for Management of Tuberculosis

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