Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of tacrine hydrochloride: Correlation between in vitro permeation and in vivo performance in rats

<p>Berberine-Loaded Thiolated Pluronic F127 Polymeric Micelles for Improving Skin Permeation and Retention</p>

“…The rat abdomen skin was used for the in vitro skin permeation/retention studies. 34,35 Female SD rats weighting 200±20 g were purchased from Henan Experimental Animal Center. Animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines for the use and care of experimental animals approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Luoyang Normal University.…”

Recent Options and Techniques to Assess Improved Bioavailability: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods

“…In most cases, they are used with a buffer and solubilizer agent, such as SLS, Volpo, Tween 80, and PEG 10000 [117][118][119][120]. A horizontal diffusion cell, also known as a side-by-side diffusion cell [121], also consists of two compartments, but they are smaller in volume and have a smaller diffusion area than vertical cells. Its use is appropriate for small quantities of materials, and it also eliminates the shortcomings of vertical systems, such as the fact that the donor phase is not heated.…”

“…Based on the aforementioned parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), Ottaviani et al were the first to publish the use of a skin PAMPA. In this case, the membrane was filled with an optimized mixture of silicone (70%) and isopropyl myristate (30%) to reduce skin permeability, thus making it even more similar to human A horizontal diffusion cell, also known as a side-by-side diffusion cell [121], also consists of two compartments, but they are smaller in volume and have a smaller diffusion area than vertical cells. Its use is appropriate for small quantities of materials, and it also eliminates the shortcomings of vertical systems, such as the fact that the donor phase is not heated.…”

Current Advances in Lipid Nanosystems Intended for Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery Applications

“…This is demonstrated by the fact that the value of skin delivery, which was estimated to be approximately $12.838 billion in 2020, is anticipated to rise to $13.457 billion by 2026 with a compound annual growth rate higher than that of other delivery routes [ 9 ]. Indeed, more than 36 transdermal products and 16 active pharmaceutical ingredients have been approved for clinical use in the US market [ 10 ], and some of them are presented in Table 1 . Many of the transdermal medications currently marketed are indicated for pain, stenocardia, hypertension, contraception, or motion sickness.…”

“…They improve drug delivery by enhancing drug partition and partially fluidizing skin lipids. The second approach is the use of physical enhancement techniques, such as electroporation, microneedles, sonophoresis, iontophoresis, magnetophoresis, microdermabrasion and thermal ablation [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. These techniques deliver the drug directly to the targeted skin layer, bypassing the stratum corneum.…”