Transesophageal echocardiographic findings in stroke subtypes.

Albers, Gregory W.; Comess, Keith A.; DeRook, Frances A.; Bracci, Paige M.; Atwood, J. Edwin; Bolger, A; Hotson, John R.

doi:10.1161/01.str.25.1.23

Cited by 100 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…4 In lacunar stroke patients, the frequency of atrial septal aneurysm, but not PFO, is higher than in patients with other causes of stroke. 8 In our study, 48% of lacunar stroke patients had RLS; the percentage of RLS was higher in the non-HDM group than in controls. Moreover, RLS was strongly associated with the non-HDM group.…”

supporting

confidence: 41%

Tularemia with brain abscesses

Beek¹,

Steckelberg²,

Marshall³

et al. 2007

Neurology

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Abstract-We analyzed the frequency of cardiac embolic sources in 62 patients with acute lacunar stroke vs 50 controls. In post hoc analysis, 11 patients with lacunar stroke having neither hypertension nor diabetes mellitus (non-HDM group) had a higher frequency of right-to-left shunt (RLS) (82%) than patients with risk factors for lacunar stroke. RLS was also independently associated with the non-HDM group. Thus, RLS may contribute to lacunar stroke in patients without risk factors for lacunar stroke.

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supporting

confidence: 41%

Tularemia with brain abscesses

Beek¹,

Steckelberg²,

Marshall³

et al. 2007

Neurology

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“…69 -73 The prevalence of ASA is greater among patients with embolic events. 7,71,[73][74][75] It is also well known that ASA is associated with PFO, with Ϸ60% of patients with ASA having a PFO (Table 4). 57,59,69,71,72,76 -79 Additionally, the PFOs seen in the presence of ASA tend to be large compared with those seen without associated ASA.…”

Section: Atrial Septal Aneurysmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke

2005

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] These abnormalities have been independently associated with ischemic stroke in case-control studies, particularly when PFO and ASA coexist. 8 -11 However, the causal relationship between PFO, ASA, and ischemic stroke is not established.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Association of Atrial Vulnerability With Atrial Septal Abnormalities in Young Patients With Ischemic Stroke of Unknown Cause

Berthet

Lavergne

Cohen

et al. 2000

Stroke

245

167

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Background and Purpose-Atrial septal abnormalities have been associated with cryptogenic ischemic stroke in young patients, but the causal link has not yet been established. Paradoxical embolism is considered the most likely mechanism but is rarely proven. It can be hypothesized that, in those patients, paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias, potentially favored by the anatomic abnormalities, can be another cause of thrombus formation and subsequent embolism to the brain. In this study we assessed the relationship between atrial vulnerability, reflecting arrhythmogenic properties of the atria, and atrial septal abnormalities in young patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. Methods-We enrolled 62 consecutive patients aged Ͻ55 years who had ischemic stroke of unknown cause and transesophageal echocardiography to assess atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) or patent foramen ovale (PFO) (ie, atrial septal abnormalities). These patients underwent electrophysiological study to measure atrial refractoriness and conduction time defining a vulnerability index (ie, latent atrial vulnerability) and to assess the inducibility of sustained (lasting Ͼ60 seconds) atrial fibrillation with the use of programmed atrial stimulation. Actual atrial vulnerability was defined by the presence of both latent vulnerability and inducibility of sustained atrial fibrillation lasting Ͼ60 seconds. Results-We found atrial vulnerability in 58% of patients with atrial septal abnormalities and in 25% of patients without (odds ratioϭ4.1 [95% CI, 1.3 to 12.7; PϽ0.02]). The difference between patients with and without PFO or between patients with both PFO and ASA and those without were also significant. Patients with inducible sustained atrial fibrillation had more frequent past history of palpitations and syncope than patients without (PϽ0.02). Conclusions-Atrial

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Transesophageal echocardiographic findings in stroke subtypes.

Cited by 100 publications

References 45 publications

Tularemia with brain abscesses

Tularemia with brain abscesses

Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke

Significant Association of Atrial Vulnerability With Atrial Septal Abnormalities in Young Patients With Ischemic Stroke of Unknown Cause

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