Transesterification of methyl oleate for sustainable production of biolubricant: Process optimization and kinetic study

Xie, Qinglong; Zhu, Hui; Xu, Pan; Xing, Kainan; Yu, Shangzhi; Liang, Xifeng; Ji, Weirong; Nie, Yong; Ji, Jianbing

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114879

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…[ 6 ] Production of TMP fatty acid triester biolubricant was achieved with methyl oleate (MO) from non‐edible oil sources as the feedstock and moderate alkaline K 2 CO 3 as the catalyst. [ 20 ] bis(2‐ethylhexyl) adipate was prepared in presence of alkoxytitanate as a solvent. [ 21 ] In this study, mixed esters were synthesized via a two‐step esterification reaction to guarantee the formation of mixed esters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of synthetic lubricants based on dibasic acid

et al. 2023

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Synthetic esters have long been used in a variety of applications due to their excellent thermal stability, excellent cleanliness, natural lubricity, and polarity. In the present work, we aimed to prepare some synthetic base oils through preparation of different dibasic esters by esterification of dicarboxylic acids (adipic acid and azelaic acid) with different linear alcohols (hexanol, octanol, and decanol) and branched alcohol (2‐ethyl hexanol) at 120°C. The reaction yield ranges between 85% and 94%. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the structures of the produced compounds. Using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), the heat stability of the produced esters was determined, and it was found that the prepared esters have high thermal stability. The degradation of the prepared esters takes place in the range between 300 and 600°C. The rheological behaviour of prepared esters shows Newtonian behaviours, which means that Newtonian fluids obey viscosity Newton's law. The viscosity is independent of the shear rate. The results showed that the lubricity properties, based on their pour point, flash point, and oxidation stability of the esters, were significantly affected by the linear and branched alcohols used. There is a slight increase in kinematic viscosity and viscosity index values with decreasing the internal chain length of the dibasic acid. The esters which were based on adipic acid such as C1 exhibited maximum values of VI: 187 compared to those which were based on azelaic acid such as F1 with VI: 182. Viscosity and viscosity index increases with increasing the number of carbon atoms of the used mono‐ol alcohols. Using branched alcohols gave almost the same viscosity results compared to using linear alcohol with the same number of carbons. Almost all prepared esters give pour point results ≤ −30°C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of synthetic lubricants based on dibasic acid

et al. 2023

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Optimization and kinetic study of N‐methyldiethanolamine‐based esterquats production

Abdul Aziz,

Yusoff,

Cheng

et al. 2024

J Surfact & Detergents

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A sustainable alternative process for the production of bio‐based esterquats via heterogeneous transesterification of palm methyl ester and N‐methyldiethanolamine was developed. The transesterification process conditions over CaO/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). At 146°C, 83.2% di‐ester yield was obtained after 6 h when 4.1 wt% of the synthesized catalyst was used with 1.8:1 methyl ester/N‐methyldiethanolamine molar ratio. CaO/γ‐Al2O3 was able to be reused for 3 cycles without a significant deactivation. A kinetic model was proposed based on irreversible second‐order kinetics and it was the best‐fitted experimental data with an overall reaction rate constants ranging between 0.0892 and 0.695 L/mol.min and an activation energy of 48 kJ/mol. The first experimental investigation on kinetic can be applied to provide insights on large scale reactor design for bio‐based esterquats production. The synthesized esterquats was found to be readily biodegradable, as it reached the pass level of 60% of biodegradation within the period of incubation (28 days). It exhibits similar chemical and physical properties to the commercially available tallow‐based esterquats, thus offering a potential substitute for the animal fat‐based feedstock with the most abundantly available and renewable palm‐based oleochemicals.

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