Transesterification of non-edible oils over potassium acetate impregnated CaO solid base catalyst

Fadhil, Abdelrahman B.; Al‐Tikrity, Emaad T. B.; Khalaf, Ahmed M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.06.121

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The diffraction lines at 18.2° and 34.2° indicate the existence of Ca(OH) 2 in a certain amount, which could be due to the water absorption of CaO. The characteristic diffraction lines of CaCO 3 appeared in 23.4°, 36.2°, and 39.3°, which may be formed by the reaction of CaO and CO 2 during calcination [30]. The diffraction line at 27.9° showed the presence of B 2 O 3 [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Catalytic Production of Biodiesel with Acid-Base Bifunctional Rod-Like Ca-B Oxides by the Sol-Gel Approach

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Materials

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The search for acid-base bifunctional catalysts has become a hot topic in the preparation of biofuels from renewable resources. In the present work, a series of novel acid-base bifunctional metal-boron catalysts were successfully prepared by a sol-gel method and characterized by XRD, IR, SEM, TEM, TGA, BET, and TPD. Among those bifunctional solid materials, the Ca-B(700) catalyst had the highest density of both acid and base sites and showed excellent catalytic performance in the production of biodiesel from nonedible oils with high acid value. Under the optimal reaction conditions of 20/1 methanol/oil mole ratio and 4 wt % catalyst dosage at 105 °C for 2 h, a high biodiesel yield of 96.0% could be obtained from Jatropha curcas oil in one-pot. In addition, Ca-B(700) was also applicable to producing biodiesel from Firmiana platanifolia L.f. oil in a relatively low acid value, with an almost quantitative yield (98.5%) at 65 °C after 2 h. The Ca-B(700) catalyst had good stability and reusability, which is a promising acid-base bifunctional catalytic material for the preparation of biodiesel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Catalytic Production of Biodiesel with Acid-Base Bifunctional Rod-Like Ca-B Oxides by the Sol-Gel Approach

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Materials

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“…By comparing with other CaO modified catalyst reports, the niobium/calcium oxides mix display higher conversion respect to Ca/Mg, 24 Ca/Ce 30 catalysts, similar values when compared with PA/CaO 29 and CaO/CuFe 2 O 4 31 catalysts, and lower conversion when relates with the yield performane of catalyst as Ca:Zn, 22,23 Sr 2+ -CaO/MgO, 25 CaO-MgO, 26 KF/CaO, 28 and CaO-CeO 2 . 32 Considering that the optimal temperature is higher than the boiling point of methanol, which cause the loss of reactant by vaporization, this can influence the results on the optimization of the molar ratio, which is higher compared with other reports [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] for CaO catalysts (1:9 to 1:30). About other aspects like reaction time (2 to 6 h) and mass amount of catalyst (2 to 5 wt.%) our results are in the range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Using potassium acetate (PA) to prepare PA/CaO solid base catalyst, Fadhil et al 29 tested two non-edible oils, using 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, at 60 °C, 120 min, and obtaining a maximum conversion of 93%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl Esters Production by Heterogeneous Catalyst Mixtures of CaO/Nb2O5 with Simulation of Analysis of Environmental Impacts

Cubides-Román¹,

Constantino²,

David³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The conventional biodiesel process, although it reaches high conversion yields and productivity, faces problems related to the use of homogeneous catalysts. This work aims to study mixtures of calcium oxide (CaO) and niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5) as the heterogeneous catalyst. It was used a full 2 3 factorial design with four central points to analyze how the mass percentage of the oxides, the molar ratio of reactants, and the reaction temperature affect the conversion yield to methyl esters. The best conversion yield was found near to 89% using 1.8% of catalyst, a 1:36 oil to methanol ratio and at 77 °C as reaction temperature. Finally, it was performed a simplified simulation to compare the heterogeneous catalyst process with the conventional process, and an algorithm to compare the effects of the exit streams of each process would have on the environment. The simulations results display a better performance for the heterogeneous catalyst process studied.

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“…The weak vibration of M+-O stretching adsorption bands at 544.80 cm −1 , and 463.04 cm −1 belonged to Fe-O and K-O bonding, respectively [62].The deformation bands of M + -OH converted to Si-O-M + located at 964.71 cm −1 and 912.26 cm −1 were assigned to Fe and K, respectively [63]. Upon the formation of Si-O-M + , the intensity of the siloxane absorption band was reduced and shifted to lower frequency due to the reduction of electron density [64].…”

Section: Functional Group Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermagnetic Nano-Bifunctional Catalyst from Rice Husk: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Conversion of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

et al. 2020

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The present work investigated the biodiesel production from used cooking oil catalyzed by nano-bifunctional supermagnetic heterogeneous catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) derived from rice husk doped with K2O and Fe synthesized by the wet impregnation method. The synthesized catalysts (RHC/K2O/Fe) were characterized for crystallinity by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), total acidity and basicity using CO2/NH3-TPD, textural properties through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), thermal stability via thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), functional group determination by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface morphology through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The VSM result demonstrated that the super-paramagnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be simply separated and regained after the reaction using an external magnetic field. The operating conditions such as catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio, temperature, and reaction duration were studied. The screened RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5% catalyst was selected for further optimization and the optimum reaction parameters found were 4 wt % of catalyst, a molar ratio of methanol/oil of 12:1, 4 h reaction duration, and 75 °C reaction temperature with a maximal yield of 98.6%. The reusability study and reactivation results revealed that the nano-bifunctional magnetic catalyst (RHC/K2O-20%/Fe-5%) could be preserved by high catalytic activity even after being reused five times.

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Transesterification of non-edible oils over potassium acetate impregnated CaO solid base catalyst

Cited by 60 publications

References 48 publications

Efficient Catalytic Production of Biodiesel with Acid-Base Bifunctional Rod-Like Ca-B Oxides by the Sol-Gel Approach

Efficient Catalytic Production of Biodiesel with Acid-Base Bifunctional Rod-Like Ca-B Oxides by the Sol-Gel Approach

Methyl Esters Production by Heterogeneous Catalyst Mixtures of CaO/Nb2O5 with Simulation of Analysis of Environmental Impacts

Supermagnetic Nano-Bifunctional Catalyst from Rice Husk: Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Conversion of Used Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

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