2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.018
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Transesterification of waste cooking oil by heteropoly acid (HPA) catalyst: Optimization and kinetic model

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Cited by 174 publications
(52 citation statements)
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“…However, the technology based on these base catalysts requires using crude oils with low free fatty acids (FFAs) to avoid saponification [9]. So, solid acid catalysts, such as macroporous cation exchange resin [10], heteropoly acid [11] and sulfonated metallic oxides (e.g., zirconia, tin and titanium oxide) [12][13][14] are studied to produce biodiesel from high FFA oils.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the technology based on these base catalysts requires using crude oils with low free fatty acids (FFAs) to avoid saponification [9]. So, solid acid catalysts, such as macroporous cation exchange resin [10], heteropoly acid [11] and sulfonated metallic oxides (e.g., zirconia, tin and titanium oxide) [12][13][14] are studied to produce biodiesel from high FFA oils.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides, most heterogeneous catalysts required residence time prior to their activity; especially, in low temperature reaction [7]. For example, HPA catalyzed methanolysis of waste cooking oil completed only after 14 h with 88.6 % yield [27]. The reaction time used for all further experiments employing So-DES was 3 h, to enable us capture the effects of all catalysts properly in spite of some slight variations on the products conversions.…”
Section: Effects Of Reaction Conditions On Biodiesel Productionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Basri et al also found that, for optimizing the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of a palm-based wax ester, ANN superiorly outperformed RSM [58]. More comparative studies using RSM and ANN can be found in References [59][60][61][62][63][64][65].…”
Section: Prediction Of Reaction Descriptorsmentioning
confidence: 99%